2. 专 题 复 习 课 The Passive Voice 被 动 语 态

3. 复习目标 1 、掌握语态基本概念； 2 、熟悉常见语态转换； 3 、在语篇中理解和运用被动语态。 复习重点 : 1. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态； 2. 一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。 复习难点 : 1. 被动语态中 be 形的确定； 2. 主动语态中省略 to 的宾补在被动语态中须补上 to.

4. 一、基本概念复习 1 、观察结构 执行者 + 及物动词 + 承受者 Workers make cars in this factory. 主 谓 宾 承受者 + be+ 及物动词过去分词 +(by + 执行者 ) Cars are made (by workers) in this factory. 主 谓 2 、总结概念： 谓语动词的执行者作主语，用 ________ 语态。 谓语动词的承受者作主语，用 ________ 语态。 主动 被动

5. play often Football A camera use … for … is often played all over the world. is used fortaking photos.

6. rob yesterday A man-made satellite A bank send up last year was robbed yesterday. was sent up space last year. into

7. must plant Trees The ground be covered with must be plantedon the ground. will be covered with in a few years’ time. trees

8. dig The earth The food eat up is being dugnow. has been eaten upalready.

9. Football is often played all over the world. A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year. The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’ time. The tree must be planted on the ground. The tree must be planted on the ground. The earth is being dug now. The food has been eaten up already.

11. 一般现在时 ： am / is / are + vt.p.p. 一般过去时 ： was / were + vt.p.p. 一般将来时 : will be / be going to be + vt.p.p. 情态动词 ： must /can /could /may + be + vt.p.p. 现在进行时 : be (am / is / are) + being + vt.p.p. 现在完成时 : have / has +been + vt.p.p. 被动语态的构成 ： be +vt.p.p. 被动语态： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必 要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动 作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 主语是动作的承受者 。

13. 二、常见语态转换 （一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 请将下列主动语态变成被动语态 1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _____ ______ _____ Lucy. 2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers ___ _______ ____ Uncle Wang every day. 3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? ____ the bridge _____ in 1998? 4.When did Lu Xun write these books? When _____these books _______ ____ Lu Xun? 5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm. Apples _____ _____ on the farm. 6.They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday. The classroom _______ ________ yesterday. 小结： 1 、被动语态的转换，在 be+ 过去分词中，确定 _____ 是关键， _______ 永不变。 2 、 Be 的时态由 _______________ 确定； be 的单 / 复数由 ____________ 确定。 3 、问句提前 __________; 否定 ________ 后加 not. was bought by are watered by Was built were written by aren’t grown wasn’t cleaned be 形过去分词 主动时态 被动主语 be 动词 be

14. ( 二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。 请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。 1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _____ _____ _____ all by yourself. 2.We must plant more trees. More trees _____ _____ ________. 3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _____ ____ _____. 4.Can we put our bikes here? _____ our bikes ____ _____ here? 5.You mustn’t throw rubbish here. Rubbish ______ _____ ______ here. 6.We can’t see many stars. Many stars ______ ______ _______. 小结： 1. 含情态动词的被动结构： ______________________. 2. 疑问句提前 _____________; 否定句： ___________+not. can be done must be planted should be dug Canbe put mustn’t be thrown can’t be seen 情态动词 +be+ 过去分词 情态动词

15. （三）、动词 + 宾语 + 宾补结构的转换 ( 以动词 ask 和 see 为例 ) 1.ask sb. to do sth. (____________________) 2.see sb. do sth. (_____________________) 3.see sb. doing sth. (____________________) 带 to 的不定式作宾补 省略 to 的不定式作宾补 V-ing 作宾补 (sb.) be asked to do sth. (_______________________) 变成被动，形式不变 (sb.) be seen to do sth. (_______________________) 被动补上 to (sb.) be seen doing sth. (______________________). 形式不变

16. 请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。 1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. The horses______ _____ ___ _____ the whole day. 2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake. The twins ____ _______ ___ ___ _______ in the lake. 3.I saw a mouse run into the room. A mouse _____ _____ ____ ____ into the room. 4.I often hear him sing English songs. He ____ often _____ ____ ____ English songs. 5.I saw Lucy playing in the park just now. Lucy ____ _____ _______ in the park just now. 6.They watched the children sing that morning. The children _____ ________ ___ _____ that morning. 小结 :1. 主动语态中省略 to 的宾补在被动中应 ___________. 2. 其它形式的宾补在被动中 ______. were made to work are asked not to swim was seen to run isheard to sing was seen playing were watched to sing 补上 to 不变

18. 1. 1. 不及物动词（ vi.) 不用被动语态。 e.g. happen, appear, disappear, come, go, arrive, take place, etc. e.g. A traffic accident ________(happen) just now. 不能使用被动语态的情况 : happened

19. 2. 有些短语不用被动语态 do one’s best, make a face, make room( 腾位子） make up one’s mind, belong to He was making a face when I saw him.

20. 3. 连系动词（ Link.v.) 不用被动语态。 如： be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become… e.g. Peking Opera _______ (sound) beautiful. sounds 4. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候， 不用被动语态 。 e.g. The pen __________(write) very fast. writes This kind of sweater _______(sell) well. sells

21. Diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。

22. Multiple Choice: 1.If 1.( ) If the work __,you can go and play games. A.finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finishedD

23. 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made __ in the classroom. 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made __ in the classroom. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed B

24. 3. ( ) Kate _______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. A. has written B. B. was written C. C. had written D. D. is writing C

25. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rub- bish __ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw B

26. 5. ( ) I like my bike. It __ very well. A. rides B. is riding A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden C. is ridden D. has ridden A

27. 6. ( ) —I won’t come to the party unless Tom __, too. —You mean if Tom comes,you’ll come. A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited D

28. 7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story __ it. A. A.laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at A

29. 8. ( ) The children must __. A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care of D

30. 9. ( ) The woman still doesn’t know what __ in her hometown. A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened B

31. bike ___. —Yes. My bike ___. 10. ( ) — I saw you came to school on foot this morning. A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mending B

32. Fill in the blanks using right forms: 1. 1.All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday. 2. Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?. 3.This coat _________(wash) well. 4. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely? were asked tried washes be spoken

33. 5. I’m often _________( 警告） not to copy others’ homework. 6. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ___________ ( 消失 ). 7. The PRC was _________( 成 立 ) on October 1, 1949. founded warned disappeared

34. Fill in the missing words according to the passage. Several days ago a large tiger escaped from the zoo because it (1)______fed well （喂得不好）. One morning the tiger was seen (2)_____run into a small forest near the city (3)____some people. The people told the police about it at once. They said that the tiger was very strong,but the animals around it (4)_______not hit. The police warned people not to go out during the night. Tom was made not (5)_____ go to school that day. The police （ 6 ） ____ asked to find out the tiger quickly and kill it. wasn’t to by were to were

35. But the police said the tiger should (7 )____protected and well looked after if it was found out. In the evening a big net was put around the Forest by the police. Some sheep (8)____ tied to the trees behind the net. When the sheep were heard (9)_____ bleat, the hungry tiger ran out to catch them. At last the tiger was caught and it (10)_____ taken back to the zoo. Now the tiger (11) _______taken good care (12)______. It must (13)______given the most food because it is the largest. be were to was is of be

36. 看图，写一篇以 How to Plant a Tree? 为题目的短 文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯, 展开合理想象。 词数： 60 — 80 。 ( 尽可能多地使用被动语态）

37. March is the time to plant trees. Now I’ll tell you how to plant trees. First, a hole which is large enough for the tree must be dug. Then, a long and strong stick must be knocked into the earth in the hole. Next, a tree will be put into the hole next to the stick. The earth will be put back in the hole and pushed down hard. Last, also the most important, the tree needs to be watered. March is the time to plant trees. Now I’ll tell you how to plant trees. First, a hole which is large enough for the tree must be dug. Then, a long and strong stick must be knocked into the earth in the hole. Next, a tree will be put into the hole next to the stick. The earth will be put back in the hole and pushed down hard. Last, also the most important, the tree needs to be watered.

39. Fill in the blanks with the verbs using right tenses and voices: 1. Large numbers of plastic bags ___________(use) in the supermarkets every day. 2. _____ our country ____(send) up another man-made satellite last year? 3. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely? 4. Her grandma was still alive when he _________(take) to the hospital. 5. English __________(speak) in many counties, but the Chinese ______ (speak) their own language. 6. Three quarters of the world’s books______________(write) in English. 7. This kind of sweater ___________(sell) well. 8. _________ Lesson 50 ___________(teach) next week? are used Didsend be spoken was taken is spokenspeak are written sells Willbe taught