1. Cell Boundaries and Human Health

2. Why is water balance so important in cells? Among the poor and especially in developing countries, diarrhea is a major killer.

3. Why is water balance so important in cells? 4 billion cases of diarrhea yearly 2.2 million deaths - many under the age of 5 That’s 4 deaths every minute

4. This sketch, called "Death's Dispensary", was drawn by George Pinwell in 1866, around the time that the dangers of untreated water became well known. Courtesy of CDC

6. http://picasaweb.google.com/dmeyer1usa/AfricaTrip2007/photo#5132143011588101730

8. http://abandoned-orphaned.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/08/01/matharesewagerut.jpg

9. How do diarrheal diseases spread? The Story of Cholera The Story of Cholera

10. Why is there an increase in diarrheal diseases after natural disasters?

11. Pakistan - Flooding

12. Haiti - Earthquake

13. Indonesia - Tsunami

14. Philippines - Typhoon What happens next? What are the biggest concerns of the medical community?

15. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vibrio_cholerae_01.jpg/800px-Vibrio_cholerae_01.jpg http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/a/a8/V_cholerae.jpg

16. http://www.msf.org/source/countries/africa/angola/2006/cholera_tent.jpg

17. To understand why diarrheal disease can be so deadly – you have first have to understand how healthy cells manage water balance

18. http://www.medicalook.com/systems_images/Digestive_System.jpg

19. https://human.biodigital.com/ind ex.html https://human.biodigital.com/ind ex.html

20. Cell Membrane

21. Moving in & out of cells by OSMOSIS Water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable* membrane Does not require extra energy * Also called “selectively permeable”

22. Effects of Osmosis on Blood Cells

23. Water Balance in Cells Water Outside Cell Water Inside Cell Which Way Will Water Move? Same Same Water flow is equal in and out of cell Less Water More Water Net water flow out of cell More Water Less Water Net water flow into cell

24. Effect of Osmosis on Blood Cells

25. Body Intestinal Lumen Intestinal Cells Salt

27. Skin The Body Our Model System Conical Tube Dialysis Tube Intestinal Lumen

28. Two Dialysis Tube per Group Conical Tube = water = salt Control One set-up/Lab Group Experimental One set-up/Lab Group

31. Salt Solution Water

32. How do diarrheal diseases spread? The Story of Cholera The Story of Cholera

33. What happened to the dialysis tube with Salt? Why?

34. Salt Solution Water Osmosis

35. How does your experiment explain cholera diarrhea?

36. Salt Net Flow of Water

37. How would you treat the patient using osmosis?

38. Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar

39. Sodium Glucose Symport (Co – Transporter) in Intestinal Cell Membranes The Na + glucose cotransport protein binds Na and glucose in the lumen. Both substances must be present in the lumen at the same time. The co-transport protein changes in shape and releases Na and glucose into the intestinal cells. This raises the osmotic pressure within the cell and sucks water back into the body by osmosis.

40. Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Net Flow of Water