1. OPERA 実験の解析 「フレーバー物理の新展開」研究会 佐藤 修 名古屋大

2. CERN to Gran Sasso, neutrino beam Gran Sasso 地下研究所 CERN SPS 730km

3. OPERA ECC Brick Lead plate(1mm) / Emulsion Film (OPERA film) Sandwich 125mm 100mm Lead Plate Emuslion Film (OPERA Film) 125mm 100mm Pb Emulsion layers  1 mm

4. Expected Event Yield m2m2 1.9 x 10 -3 eV 2 2.4 x 10 -3 eV 2 3.0 x 10 -3 eV 2 B.G. Final Design 8.012.819.90.8 ν μ CC 23500 ν μ NC 7075 ν μ CC 494 ν e CC 188 ν e CC 17 Clear ν τ CC events ν μ ν e Interaction Full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5 x 10 19 pot / year Target Mass :1700 ton

5. 5 OPERA is an International Collaboration 37 INSTITUTIONS, ~160 PHYSICISTS IPNL, IRES, LAPP INR ITEP JINR, Obninsk Zagreb L’Aquila, Bari, Bologna, Napoli, Padova, Roma, Salerno, LNF, LNGS Bern Neuchatel Zurich Brussels Hamburg, Münster, Rostock Sofia Aichi, Toho Kobe, Nagoya Utsunomiya Technion Haifa METU Ankara IHEP Beijing Shandong Gyeongsang University

6. 6 37 INSTITUTIONS, ~160 PHYSICISTS IPNL, IRES, LAPP INR ITEP JINR, Obninsk Zagreb L’Aquila, Bari, Bologna, Napoli, Padova, Roma, Salerno, LNF, LNGS Bern Neuchatel Zurich Brussels Hamburg, Münster, Rostock Sofia Aichi, Toho Kobe, Nagoya Utsunomiya Technion Haifa METU Ankara IHEP Beijing Shandong Gyeongsang University OPERA is an International Collaboration

7. VETO Muon spectrometer Target Wall ECC & CS & TT HPT Magnet & RPC Super module 1Super module 2 neutrino

8. ~200k ECC bricks ECC Weight ～ 1700ton 64×52ECC/Wall Total 62 Walls

9. Wall ECC

10. 現在 94,000 個のインストールが終了（最終の 61 ％） 2008 年 6 月までに生産完了予定

11. 11 Detector filling Remember what was the situation one year ago ! Warmest congratulations to the teams involved: Brick components (Lead & CSd), BAM & BMS Coordinated in a Kaisen way by Salvatore 154000 June 10 th July 28 th October 25 th Achieved ! Including 15% contingency (~3 weeks) ‏

12. 2007 年ニュートリノビーム照射 ９月末よりビーム照射。 計 8.24e17 pot （通常のビーム強度にて 2 日分） ECC ターゲットに３８ニュートリノ反応。 発生順に日本・ヨーロッパ－で分配。 日本 １９反応 ヨーロッパ－ １９反応

13. Integrated intensity 6.72 E 17 pot Fri 5/10 18:00 Tue 9/10 18:00 Commissioning Physics 3.91 E 16 pot 4 days of physics run, On average 1.58 E17 pot/day 8.24 E 17 pot Sat 20/10 Problems with controls Fri 12/10 Problems with controls

14. 日本での初イベント検出＠ ECC のタイムテーブ ル。 Oct 16 Films (CSd +ECC) arrival by FEDEX 11:00 CSd films Drying @Nagoya Room humidity about 2 hours Start CSd scanning 13:30 Every one CSd set takes about 2 hour For CC-like events CSd for NC-like events takes 12 hours All first trial of CSd scanning was finished. Nagoya 1 st event (180277945,Brick33540) was found on CSd 17:00 Making ECC sheet for ScanBack around 21:00 (around Scan meeting) Start SB scan and stopped 56pl from downstream. Midnight (Works need to be confirmed.) Oct 17 Nagoya 2 nd event (179264151,Brick20122 ) was found on CSd 11:00 Making ECC sheet for Scan back for 2 nd event) 15:00 Start SB scan 16:00 The SB stopped 10pl from downstream 17:00 Vertex was confirmed with 4 partner tracks ! 25:50

15. Event 179264151 Brick#20122 pl10 Vertex confirmed with 4 partner tracks Nagoya 1 st Located neutrino Event Vertex confirmed Oct-18 01:50 am

16. theta_x (rad) theta_y (rad) IP (micron) VTx (micron) VTy (micron ) VTz (micron ) ScanBackTrk -0.116 0.120 ----- Partner1 0.051 0.011 0.154340.578851.2 869.1 Partner2 0.132-0.062 2.054337.778851.4 855.0 Partner3 0.439-0.003 2.254343.178851.3 887.6 Partner4 0.221 0.116 0.554341.678850.7 878.3 Found VTX information Event 179264151 Brick#20122 pl10 All partner Trks are confirmed by Manual check.

17. ヨーロッパでの初イベント検出＠ ECC のタイムテーブル Event history from film development to event reconstruction… CS film developmentWed., Oct. 10 th Brick film development Thurs., Oct. 11 th CS scanning Fri., Oct. 12 th Brick transportation LNGS  BARISat., Oct. 13 th, 1.30 p.m. CS scanning predictions LNGS  BARISat., Oct. 13 th, 2.52 p.m. SB started Sun., Oct. 14 th, 11.50 a.m. Track disappearance Sun., Oct. 14 th, 5.25 p.m. Quasi-online reconstruction Sun., Oct. 14 th, 5.42 p.m. and event confirmation

18. Main muon Mu+ 43.4 GeV/c 2 highest probability bricks: Wall 25, Tray 46, Cell 23 Wall 25, Tray 46, Cell 22 di-muon candidate brick 53706

19. ニュートリノ反応解析手順 ニュートリノ反応が起きる。 1. ニュートリノ反応点探し 1.ECC(+CS) の取り出し。 2.CS の大面積スキャン。 3.CS の飛跡を ECC 中でスキャン。 4. ニュートリノ反応点特定 2. ニュートリノ反応点解析 1. ニュートリノ反応点周りのデータ取り。 2. 崩壊探索等、幾何学的分析。 3. 粒子識別、運動量測定。 4.ν τ か否か！

20. Event 179264151 Brick#20122 pl10 Vertex confirmed with 4 partner tracks Nagoya 1 st Located neutrino Event Vertex confirmed Oct-18 01:50 am

22. ~200k ECC bricks ECC Weight ～ 1700ton 64×52ECC/Wall Total 62 Walls

23. Brick Manipulator System (BMS, LAPP France)

24. Film と鉛板を交互に重ねた構造 ECC 総数 約 20 万個 –OPERA film 1200 万枚 ν イベント数 31000 –(30 event/day)‏ ν τ 10~15 event OPERA Film × 57 plates Lead x 56 plates OPERA Film Lead plate 1mm 0.3mm 103mm 128mm 79mm ECC CS neutrino

25. CS Very low bg emulsion ECC brick １０ｃｍ 2.6 ｃｍ Target Tracker ECC Target tracker Basic unit of Detector x 200,000 ECC CS

26. TTCS ECC Large area scan ~100cm 2 Point Scan ~100x100m 2 Vertex location procedure Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion neutrino

27. S-UTS data flow. Raw data Data Base 150~ 300MB/s 2~10MB/s High speed Camera 3,000 frame/s Front end image processor 0 suppression, pixel packing Track recognition DAQ Pipe line processing Noise rejection Vertex reconstruction 2~10MB/s ~0.1MB/s USERs 1.3GB/s

28. 角度精度 ： 15 mrad 位置精度 ： 0.9 micron 10cm 12.5cm Total ~100,000,000 tracks

29. Film 2 枚＝４乳剤層でノイズころし。 600micron 160micron X Z side view

30. Event 191987837 Brick#33479 full area scanning (2008/feb/08 manual check)

31. Event 191987837 Brick#33479 full area scanning 33479

32. Ev18154300 Brick#53486

33. Ev181543007 Brick#53486 Ev18154300 Brick#53486

34. SUTS Scanning Log full area scan of 500 OPERA films 2008/01/21 2007/05/15 Black : SUTS01 Blue : SUTS02 Red : SUTS03

35. TTCS ECC Large area scan ~100cm 2 Point Scan ~100x100m 2 Vertex location procedure Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion Lead emulsion neutrino

36. Plate Changer Brick Sheet

37. Volume Scan Volume Scan Area is 1cm x 1cm from VTX point. Scanning 5plates upper VTX Plate and 10plates below VTX Plate. VTX Plate 5plates 10plates

38. イベント紹介

39. 23.2 GeV/c 2470 tot pe 654.7 mu pe Ev179264151 Brick#20122

40. Scanback track (CS track)‏ Cosmic ray tracks for the alignment 12 11 Plate 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Event 179264151 Brick20122 Stop at plate 10 X projection Scanning area ν beam Lead 1mm Emulsion film 0.3mm

41. X projection Z projection Scanback(μ)‏ x y a b c d e 角度 a に対する再接近 距離 um a -0.1088 0.1143 - b 0.0492 0.0018 6.96 c 0.1193 -0.0594 22.58 !!!!!!! d 0.2181 0.1099 0.65 e 0.4429 -0.0049 0.19 Scanback ( μ )‏ electron a e c b d 5mm 10mm

42. 次

43. Event 180277945 CC Mu+ 8.7 GeV/c HPT SM1 Not workin g Ev18027794 Brick#33540

44. Preliminary!!!Pre liminary!!!Prelimin ary!!!Preliminary!! !Preliminary!!!Preli minary!!!Preliminar y!!!Preliminary!!!Prel iminary!!! X X X X X Y Z After 3rd step (select correct tracks)‏ Muon (p=2610 +979-485 MeV/c)‏ partner trk1 (p=234 +96-49 MeV/c) partner trk2 partner trk3 (p=932 +235-101 MeV/c)‏

45. Preliminary!!!Pre liminary!!!Prelimin ary!!!Preliminary!! !Preliminary!!!Preli minary!!!Preliminar y!!!Preliminary!!!Prel iminary!!! Momentum of electrons (measured by angular method)‏ p=244 +40-36 MeV/c p=467 +76-91 MeV/c p=201 +61-38 MeV/c p=160 MeV/c PL50 PL51

46. 次

47. 47 Preliminary!!!Pre liminary!!!Prelimin ary!!!Preliminary!! !Preliminary!!!Preli minary!!!Preliminar y!!!Preliminary!!!Prel iminary!!! depth in lead ~ 50  m Event reconstruction in progress.. Volume-scan data being re-processed… Flight length ~5mm 20 mrad kink.

48. 48 Preliminary!!!Pre liminary!!!Prelimin ary!!!Preliminary!! !Preliminary!!!Preli minary!!!Preliminar y!!!Preliminary!!!Prel iminary!!! depth in lead ~ 50  m Event reconstruction in progress.. Volume-scan data being re-processed… Flight length ~5mm 20 mrad kink. 崩壊 Pt ~ 0.1MeV. おそらくはハドロン 二次反応 μ 粒子

49. 49 Preliminary!!!Pre liminary!!!Prelimin ary!!!Preliminary!! !Preliminary!!!Preli minary!!!Preliminar y!!!Preliminary!!!Prel iminary!!! Main muon ~ 40 GeV/c di-muon candidate

50. ２００７年ランイベント解析状 況 １９反応を解析中。 １８反応で飛跡をＣＳ上に確認。 ECC 中 ８＋２（ＱＥ）反応ロケイ ションずみ。 （残りは解析中。） Kinematical な解析を始めた。 1.IP vs. momentum 2.Decay hunting & momentum 測定。 3.Pi0->gammma ->e-pair （ CHORUS,DONUT で経験ずみなので心配してな い 。）

51. 2008 年度の展望 CNGS ビームラインの改修 ビームタイム 期待 τ ニュートリノ検出数.

52. 52 CNGS Electronics - underground Designated “radiation safe” areas for electronics

53. 53 Ventilation Electronics - Layout Temperature Probes Ventilation Units Target Chamber Service Gallery Proton Beam Line …electronics equipment Ventilation Chamber Junction gallery

54. 54 Gy/yr for a nominal CNGS year of 4.5 10 19 pot No shielding 0.1 - 10 With shielding (caveat: the option simulated in TSG41 does not include the ventilation ducts) ‏

55. 55 2008 run : SPS schedule 147 days max for the CNGS Spread over 23 weeks (Nominal CNGS year : 200days) ‏ May 29 th November 10 th

56. 56 2008 run : expected statistics 4.5 10 19 2.9 10 19 2.1 10 19 Integrated pot 55%80%70%efficiency 4.8 10 13 4.5 10 13 3.8 10 13 Circulating proton 27.648Super Cycle (sec.) ‏ 200147Number of days Nominal CNGSExpected 2008 run 1.1Tau candidate (@2.5 10 -3 eV 2 ) ‏ 83Charm decay 16Electron events 455NC events 2070CC events 2770Total number of interactions Minimal granted by CERN If no delay in the CNGS repair ~120 evts/week

57. まとめ OPERA 検出器の生産は順調に進んでいる。 – 現在６１％完了。 2008 年 6 月終了。 2007 年度ニュートリノ照射 –38 事象のニュートリノ反応を得た。 – 実際のながれで複数反応検出。（解析中） 2008 年度のニュートリノ照射 –2008 年 5 月末よりニュートリノ照射 – 検出される ν τ 期待値 : １０ 反応 – 同定される ν τ 検出期待値 : １ 反応

58. τ detection efficiencies(in % and including BR) θ kink > 20mrad impact parameter I.P. > 5 to 20 μm 0.80 Id  + ECC connection 0.73 Kink+ kinematics 0.73  Localization 0.960.390.176 OthersEvt longBR Efficiency for the:  channel 2.8% 6.8%