1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

2. Syncope

6. The causes of syncope are highly age dependent. Pediatric and young patients are most likely to have neurocardiogenic syncope, conversion reactions (psychiatric causes), and primary arrhythmic causes such as the LQTS and WPW syndrome. In middle age, Neurocardiogenic syncope (the most frequent cause). Syncope related to deglutition, micturition, defecation, and cough, as well as orthostasis and panic disorders., is more common in the middle-aged or elderly patients than in younger patients. Elderly patients have a higher frequency of syncope caused by obstructions to cardiac output, eg, aortic stenosis and pulmonary embolus, and arrhythmias resulting from underlying heart disease.

60. Ahmed Shafea MD, FACC