1. Ms. Tripolone HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGY

2. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo4pMVb0R6M CRASH COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

4.  Psychology (vocab) – the scientific study of mental processes and behavior  Seeks to answer questions about all of us  How and why we think, feel, and act as we do  Behavior – almost any activity  Mental – anything the mind is capable of  Goal – to understand human behavior PSYCHOLOGY

5. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY USED FOR?

6.  Counseling  Child rearing  Study of human interactions and personalities  Layout of stores  Colors used to draw attention  Commercials  Human development  Intelligence  Testing  ETC. PSYCHOLOGY

7. WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT THE HUMAN MIND AND BEHAVIOR? ON THE NEXT SLIDE READ THE STATEMENTS AND WRITE WHETHER YOU THINK IT IS TRUE OR FALSE.

8. 1.It is a myth that most people use only about 10% of their brains. 2.During your most vivid dreams, your body may be paralyzed. 3.Psychological stress can cause physical illness. 4.The color red exists only as a sensation in the brain. There is no red in the world outside the brain. 5.Bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder is caused by a conflict in the unconscious mind. 6.The newborn child’s mind is essentially a “blank slate” on which everything he or she will know is “written” by experience. 7.Everything that happens to us leaves a permanent record in memory. 8.You were born with all the brain cells that you will ever have. 9.Intelligence is a nearly pure genetic trait that is fixed at the same level throughout a person’s life. 10.Polygraph (lie detector) devices are remarkably accurate in detecting physical responses that, in the eye of a trained examiner, reliably indicate when a suspect is lying. MYTHS: TRUE OR FALSE

9. 1.True – We use all parts of our brain every day 2.True – During REM our voluntary muscles are paralyzed 3.True – The link between mind and body can make you sick 4.True – All colors are created in the brain 5.False – Evidence shows that there is a strong biochemical component in bipolar 6.False – Newborns have a large amount of built in abilities and protective reflexes 7.False – No evidence shows that all events of our lives are in memories 8.False – Some parts create new brain cells throughout life 9.False – Intelligence is the result of both heredity and environment 10.False – even the most expert polygrapher can incorrectly classify a truth-teller as a liar or fail to identify a liar MYTHS ANSWERED

10.  Early history  Early philosophers try to answer the questions of the mind  Socrates  Plato  Aristotle  One of the earliest debates that continues today nature vs. nurture HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

11.  Other early influences  Rene Descartes – first real concept of nerves  Francis Bacon – a founder of modern science  John Locke – Born as a “blank slate”  Charles Darwin – study of evolution and natural selection HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY John Locke

12.  Empiricism – the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation  Use of objective vs. subjective science HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

13.  Wilhelm Wundt  Considered the father of psychology  Started the first laboratory to study human behavior  William James  Founder of American psychology  Studied how humans adapt and react to their environment  Focused on individual development HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY Wilhelm Wundt

14.  Sigmund Freud  Developed the idea of psychoanalysis  Developed the first comprehensive theory of personality  Believes personality is based of unconscious desires  John B. Watson  Developed the idea of behaviorism  Studied the impact of learning on human behavior HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY John B Watson

15.  Structuralism – use of introspection to explore structural elements of the mind (unreliable because it depended on a person with intrapersonal intelligence)  Functionalism – how our mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish  Experimental Psychology – explore behavior and thinking with experiments EARLY THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY

16.  Behaviorism – we are the product of learned associations and they study behavior without the reference to mental processes  Humanistic – people are essentially good and of the potential for personal individual growth  Cognitive Neuroscience – the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; how we perceive process and retain information THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY

17.  Biological Psychology – focuses on physical responses and reactions in the body  Evolutionary Psychology – studying behavior based on natural selection  Cognitive Psychology – the study of mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY

18.  Psychoanalytical – Freud’s theory that claims people are cesspools of desire driven by sex and aggression hidden in the unconscious since childhood  Psychodynamic Psychology – modern idea that focuses on unconscious desires  Social-cultural – the study of how culture impacts behavior and thinking THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY

20.  Experimental Psychologist – conduct research and gather information  Applied Psychologist use the information provided from the experimental psychologist RESEARCHING PSYCHOLOGY

21.  Biological Psychologists – study links between brain and mind  Developmental Psychologist – study womb-tomb  Cognitive Psychologist – study how we perceive, think and solve problems  Educational Psychologist – study influences on teaching and learning  Social Psychologist – explore how we view and affect one another TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGIST

22.  Industrial-organization Psychologist – helps organizations and companies in the workplace select, train, and manage employees  Human Factors Psychologist – focuses on the interaction between people, machines, and physical environment  Counseling Psychologist – help people cope with problems  Clinical Psychologist – assess and treats mental, emotional, and behavior disorders  Psychiatrist – medical doctors licensed to practice medicine and prescribe drugs TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGIST