1. Motivation The Central Question in Psychology

2. Motivation  An internal state that arouses, directs, and/or maintains behavior “Arouses” – Inspires, Excites, Ignites “Directs” – Guides, Focuses, Controls “Maintains” – Sustains, Persists, Perseveres  It is the cause of human behavior Choices we make to act or not to act How much we invest in those actions

3. Types of Motivation  Extrinsic Motivation* Motivation created by external factors  Direct concrete experience of rewards or punishments  “What do I get out of it?” Examples:  Money, Grades, Trophies, Stickers, Candy, Cars, Clothing, Spanking, Groundings, Praise, Peer-Pressure,????????

4. Types of Motivation  Intrinsic Motivation* Motivation created by internal factors  Abstract, personal meaning, the activity is a reward in itself  “This stuff is so COOL!” Examples:  Pride, integrity, faith, achievement, interest, joy, fear, anger, hate, curiosity, love, affection, indifference, confusion, ????

5. Types of Motivation  Locus of Causality/Control The essential difference in motivation.  Internal or External  Impact of Motivation on students? Extrinsic  Immediate influence on performance  No interest in subject-matter needed  Not long lasting for students  Transition to intrinsic motivation?

6. Types of Motivation  Impact of Motivation on students? Intrinsic  Very high persistence  Interest in subject essential  Low immediate impact if not interested  Difficult to diagnose & Volatile  Recognizing Students’ interest What do they do with free-time? Note degree of investment in activities.

7. Types of Motivation  Classroom Techniques How would you like your future students to be motivated? How were you motivated by your teachers?  Find Intrinsic interests Link your lesson to their interests  Rip Van Winkle comic book