2. HOW DID THE UNITED STATES BECOME AN INDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETY AFTER THE CIVIL WAR?

3. 1. Natural Resources: abundant raw materials such as timber, coal, iron and copper were cheap and did not have to be imported. 2. Large Workforce: immigration & large families provided many workers and lots of consumers 3. New Inventions: made transportation and communication easier & created new jobs 4. Free Enterprise: Laissez faire nearly eliminated government regulations and allowed supply and demand to regulate the economy

4. Pacific Railway Act: gave permission to build the Transcontinental Railroad 2 companies – Union Pacific & Central Pacific built the railroad Each company received free land from the government to build. Railroad was completed in 4 years as two separate projects that met at Promontory Summit, Utah. Railroads increased markets for products and stimulated the economy. United the nation’s clocks with the time zone system

5. By 1900,many businesses had grown into large corporations. Corporations allowed businessmen to raise large amounts of money and increase their efficiency. Corporations had several advantages: 1. Produce more goods at a lower cost 2. Could stay open during bad times by cutting prices to improve sales 3. Over time, drove smaller businesses out of business

6. Robber Baron  Built their fortune by stealing from the public  Drained public resources  Persuaded public officials  Created poor working conditions and paid low wages Example: John Rockefeller Captain of Industry Served their nation in positive ways Expanded markets Created jobs Founded universities and built hospitals, libraries and museums Example: Andrew Carnegie