1. Development of the English Colonies
Guiding Questions
Why did people settle in the British North American colonies?
What were their motivations?
Why and How did the British North American colonies develop into distinctively different societies and economies?

2. American Colonies at the End of the Seventeenth Century
Roark, American Promise 3e from

3. Chapter 3: The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700

4. Back in Europe Britain v. Spain - Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588
- King James wants settlements
- English merchants want settlements = The Virginia Company receives a land grant from King James

5. Virginia Company, Charter, 1606

6. Chesapeake Bay & Jamestown
Pojer

7. An English Colony on the Chesapeake
The Fragile Jamestown Settlement
- Investors at first did not know how they would make money (Forests? Gold? Crops?)
- Early attack on settlers. Provoked?
- Powhatan tribe controlled the area and Spain wanted to dislodge the settlement
- Disease and starvation upon the settlers
- Infighting
- “Gentlemen” refused to do manual labor
- “Starving Time” winter of Only 60 of the 500 first settlers survived.
Jamestown video

8. Cooperation and Conflict between Natives and Newcomers
Raids from both sides (British & Powhatan)
Few Christian converts among Native Americans
Some trade of European goods for corn
Pocahontas and John Smith- Love?
New chief Opechancanough organizes a big assault the settlers and kills 347. Settlers retaliate with an Indian extermination campaign.
Aftermath
King James revokes Virginia’s charter, switches to a royal colony with appointed governor
Pocahontas and Society Presentation

9. Back to the question: Why are settlers still coming?
Answer: Production of tobacco

10. Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
Pojer; background -

11. Tobacco Prices
Pojer

12. A Tobacco Society Tobacco Agriculture - Grew wild in the New World
- Really expensive “high society” luxury in Europe (high demand)
- Great opportunity for the poor and middle class in the New World
A Servant Labor System
- Requires year-round labor
- 80% of immigrants were indentured servants
- 4 to 7 years of labor = passage to new world and when finished freedom dues (corn and clothes)

13. Cultivating Land and Faith
New settlers pushed into the frontier to cultivate land
Sunday church services attendance was required, however…
This region was not very religious
few clergy
motivations of settlers were mostly economic
“Devotion to tobacco” textbook, 87

14. Bacon’s Rebellion
After confrontations with the local Natives a treaty was signed; wilderness land beyond the English settlement belonged to the Natives
Guess what happens? Common theme for the next 200 years
Nathaniel Bacon leads frontiersmen thirsty for land
Bacon also dislikes elite easterners and urges rebellion
Bacon and supporters branded as traitors
Short war- Bacon fought Indians, attacked Jamestown, died of dysentery, rebellion crushed
Aftermath: Governor replaced, reduced taxes, transition to slave labor

15. Nathaniel Bacon