1. Section 1.4 The High Middle Ages: The Church

2. In times of stress, insecurity, where do people turn?

4. Church is Omnipresent Act of Homage Monarchial Crowning Guilds had patron saint Cathedrals Referee at battles Served as the KYW of its time –News, time, when to plant/harvest

5. How does this work by Sassetta capture the medieval Weltanschauung? Vat’s a Weltanschauung, anyvay (oops)? Anyway…

6. What was the Church like before 1000? Fragmented and localized Clergy uneducated, illiterate, semi- pagan Corrupt clergy

7. How did Gregory VII extend Papal power? Called for more discipline in Church –Celibacy Declared that Pope is supreme over Kings Called for end of lay investiture Henry IV of HRE –excommunicated

8. How did Innocent III extend Church Power? Forbade priests from officiating ordeals/battles Relics controlled Sacraments declared path to salvation Transubstantiation declared legit

9. How did the Church’s intellectual activity grow and contribute to Europe’s modernization? Universities formed after 1200 Thomas Aquinas –Saved works of the Ancients –Scholasticism Note: It also held back modernization later

10. The Crusades Religious Wars Pope Urban II (1095) Reasons for calling them? Jerusalem Christian Unity (East and West) Riffraff Other?

12. What impact did the Crusades have on Europe? Power of pope and of Europe –Ultimately weakened Church (Children’s Crusade) Exposed Europeans to a more advanced culture Opened up trade with the East

14. Europe (of 1300) is on the Threshold of the Modern Age Competitive and innovative Church and State are separate institutions Urban centers growing Parliamentary and judicial institutions promote codified law Intellectuals willing to challenge old traditions