1. Emotion, Stress and Health
Chapter 12
Emotion, Stress and Health

2. Chapter 12 Preview Emotions Stress of Living Health Psychology
Recapping Main Points

3. Emotion What are Emotions?
Complex pattern of changes made in response to situation perceived to be personally significant

4. Emotions and Culture Are some emotional responses innate?
Are emotional expressions universal?
How does culture constrain emotional expression?
Silvan Tomkins Pervasive role of immediate, unlearned affective emotions
Paul Ekman All people share overlap in facial language
Wolof people of Senegal Mébengolkre of Central Brazil Norms for facial displays for pain

5. Judgments of Emotional Expressions
Figure 12.2, page 325

6. Theories of Emotion The Physiology of Emotion Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Hypothalamus
Limbic System
Amygdala
Cerebral cortex

7. James-Lange Theory of body reaction
Theories of Emotion
James-Lange Theory of body reaction
Peripheral-feedback theory stating that eliciting stimulus triggers behavioral response
Stanley Schachter
Richard Lazarus
Joint effect of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal

8. James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Figure 12.2, page 328

9. Theories of Emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
Emotional stimulus produces two co-occurring reactions: arousal and emotion
Stanley Schachter
Richard Lazarus
Joint effect of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal

10. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Figure 12.3, page 328

11. Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Theories of Emotion
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Joint effect of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal
Stanley Schachter
Richard Lazarus
Robert Zajonc
Joint effect of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal

12. Cognitive-Appraisal Theory of Emotion
Figure 12.4, page 329

13. Impact of Mood and Emotions
Emotion Regulation
Processes through which people change intensity and duration of experienced emotions

14. Subjective Well-Being
Overall evaluation of life satisfaction and happiness
Positive psychology
Applies research to provide people with knowledge and skills that allow them to experience fulfilling lives

15. Psychology in Your Life
Can you accurately predict your future emotions? Can you think of any reasons why it might be useful to do this? Look at the information on page 333 of your text for more ideas.

16. Stress of Living Stress Stressors
Pattern of specific and non-specific responses that disturb equilibrium
Stressors
Stimulus event that places demand on organism for some kind of adaptive response

17. A Model of Stress
Figure 12.5, page 334

18. Physiological Stress Reactions
Acute Stress
Clear onset and offset patterns
Chronic Stress
Continuous state of arousal
Demands are greater than are available resources

19. Emergency Reaction to Acute Stress
Fight-or-Flight Response
Prepares the body for combat and struggle or for running away to safety
Tend-and-Befriend Response
Shelly Taylor
Females protect offspring and join social groups

20. Body’s Response to Stress
Figure 12.6, page 335

21. Emergency Reaction to Chronic Stress
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Han Selye: Three-stage response
Alarm reaction
Resistance
Exhaustion
Used to explain psychosomatic disorders

22. The General Adaptation Syndrome

23. Psychological Stress Reactions
Major Life Events
Catastrophic and Traumatic Events
Chronic Stressors
Daily Hassles
Major Life Events
Life Change units (LCUs)
Catastrophic and Traumatic Events
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Chronic Stressors
Daily Hassles

24. Life-Change Units for Some Major Life Events
Figure 12.8, page 337

25. Coping Coping with Stress
Process of dealing with internal or external demands perceived as straining

26. Coping with Stress Appraisal of Stress Primary and secondary appraisal
Cognitive appraisal
Primary and secondary appraisal
Stress moderator variables

27. Coping with Stress Types of Coping Responses
Anticipatory coping
Problem-directed coping
controllable stressors
Emotion-focused coping
uncontrollable stressors

28. Modifying Cognitive Strategies
Coping with Stress
Modifying Cognitive Strategies
Reappraising
Restructuring
Stress Inoculation
Perceived Control
Stress Inoculation
Donald Meichenbaum

29. Coping with Stress Social Support as Coping Resource
Socioemotional support
Tangible support
Informational support

30. Matches and Mismatches for Social Support
Figure 12.8, page 343

31. Positive Effects of Stress
Goal to provide people with knowledge and skills that allow them to experience fulfilling lives
Benefit finding
Posttraumatic growth
Positive Psychology

32. Biopsychosocial Models of Health
General condition of body and mind in terms of soundness and vigor
Health

33. Field of Health Psychology
Ways people stay healthy
Reasons they become ill
Ways they respond when they become ill
Field of Health Psychology

34. Biopsychosocial Model of Health
Traditional Health Practices
Biopsychosocial Model
Wellness
Traditional Health Practices
Hozho
Biopsychosocial Model
Link between nervous system, immune system, behavioral styles, cognitive processing, environmental styles
Wellness
Optimal health

35. Health Promotion Health Promotion
General strategies and specific tasks to eliminate or reduce risk that people will get sick

36. Health Promotion Smoking
Stages of Quitting
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance

37. Critical Thinking in Your Life
Can health psychology help you get more exercise? Do you think some of the stages presented on page 349 of your text can help you overcome unhealthy behaviors?

38. Health Promotion HIV and AIDS
Virus that attacks white blood cells in human blood and causes immune system damage
Virus that damages immune system and weakens body’s ability to fight infection

39. Health Promotion AIDS Interventions Information Motivation
Behavioral Skills

40. Treatment Patient Adherence Harnessing mind to heal body
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychological impact on health outcomes
Harnessing mind to heal body
Relaxation response
Biofeedback

41. Psychoneuroimmunology
Investigation of interactions between psychological processes and functions of immune system
Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen

42. Personality and Health
Type “B” Behavior Pattern
Less competitive, less hostile, and so on
Type “A” Behavior Pattern
Competition, aggression, impatience, hostility
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

43. Job Burnout and the Healthcare System
Emotional exhaustion
Depersonalization
Reduced personal accomplishments

44. A Toast to Your Health Nine year-round resolutions
Never say bad thing about yourself
Gauge appropriateness of your response against suitable social norms
Have several close friends
Develop a sense of balanced time perspective
Take full credit for your successes and happiness
Remove yourself from the situation when you feel you are losing control
See failure and disappointments as opportunities
Seek professional help when needed
Cultivate healthy pleasures
Nine year-round resolutions
Never say bad thing about yourself
Use constructive criticism
Have several close friends
Work at expanding and maintaining social support networks

45. Recapping Chapter 12 Main Points
Basic Emotions and Culture
Theories of Emotion
Functions of Emotion
Emotions
Physiological Stress Reactions
Psychological Stress Reactions
Coping with Stress
Positive Effects of Stress
Stress and Living

46. Recapping Chapter 12 Main Points
Biopsychosocial Model of Health
Health Promotion
Treatment
Personality and Health
Job Burnout and the Health-Care System
A Toast to Your Health
Health Psychology