1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. 2 Photosynthesis Process that requires carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), light energy (photons), and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose).Process that requires carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), light energy (photons), and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 glucose SUN photons

3. 3 Question: Where does photosynthesis take place?

5. 5 Plants Autotrophs – produce their own food (glucose)Autotrophs – produce their own food (glucose) Process called photosynthesisProcess called photosynthesis Mainly occurs in the leaves:Mainly occurs in the leaves: a.stoma - pores b.mesophyll cells Stoma Mesophyll Cell Chloroplast

6. 6 Stomata (stoma) Pores in a plant’s cuticle through which water vapor and gases (CO 2 & O 2 ) are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere. Guard Cell Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Found on the underside of leaves Stoma

7. 7 Mesophyll Cell of Leaf Cell Wall Nucleus Chloroplast Central Vacuole Photosynthesis occurs in these cells!

8. 8 Chloroplast Organellephotosynthesis Organelle where photosynthesis takes place. Granum Thylakoid Stroma Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Thylakoid stacks are connected together

9. 9 Thylakoid Thylakoid Membrane Thylakoid Space Granum Grana make up the inner membrane

10. 10 Question: Why are plants green?

11. 11 Chlorophyll Molecules Located in the thylakoid membranesLocated in the thylakoid membranes Plants are green because the green wavelength is reflected, not absorbedPlants are green because the green wavelength is reflected, not absorbed.

12. 12 Question: During the fall, what causes the leaves to change colors?

13. 13 Fall Colors In addition to the chlorophyll pigments, there are other pigments presentIn addition to the chlorophyll pigments, there are other pigments present During the fall, the green chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigmentsDuring the fall, the green chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments Carotenoids are pigments that are either red, orange, or yellowCarotenoids are pigments that are either red, orange, or yellow

14. 14 Question: What do cells use for energy?

15. 15 Energy for Life on Earth Sunlight is the ULTIMATE energy for all life on Earth Plants store energy in the chemical bonds of sugars Chemical energy is released as ATP during cellular respiration

16. 16 High Energy Phosphate Bond

17. 17 Parts of Photosynthesis

18. 18 Two Parts of Photosynthesis Two reactions make up photosynthesis: 1.Light Reactions- Produces energy from solar power (photons) in the form of ATP and NADPH. SUN

19. 19 Two Parts of Photosynthesis 2. Calvin Cycle Uses energy (ATP and NADPH) from light reaction to make sugar (glucose).Uses energy (ATP and NADPH) from light reaction to make sugar (glucose).

20. 20 Stage 1: Light Reactions Where do they occur?Where do they occur? Thylakoid membranes Thylakoid membranes What is the starting molecule?What is the starting molecule? Water Water What are the end products?What are the end products? Oxygen, ATP, NADPH Oxygen, ATP, NADPH This stage requires light!This stage requires light!

21. 21 Calvin Cycle FYI Occurs in the stromaOccurs in the stroma Uses ATP and NADPH from light reaction as energyUses ATP and NADPH from light reaction as energy Uses CO 2Uses CO 2 To produce glucose: it takes 6 turns and uses 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.To produce glucose: it takes 6 turns and uses 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.

22. 22 Stage 2: Calvin Cycles Where do they occur?Where do they occur? Stroma Stroma What is the starting molecule?What is the starting molecule? Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), ATP, and NADPH Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), ATP, and NADPH What are the end products?What are the end products? Glucose Glucose This stage does not require light!This stage does not require light!

23. 23 Chloroplast Granum Thylakoid STROMA– where Calvin Cycle occurs Outer Membrane Inner Membrane

24. 24 The overall equation for Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 26CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 In words:In words: Carbon dioxide + water + light energy  Glucose + oxygenCarbon dioxide + water + light energy  Glucose + oxygen

25. Photosynthesis