1. Reading, 13 June 2013 Workshop on Convection in the high resolution Met Office models

2. Timetable 10.00Arrival and coffee 10.15Robin Hogan: Introduction and DYMECS update 10.30Thorwald Stein: Evaluation of 3D cloud structure from DYMECS 10.45Lee Hawkness-Smith: Nowcasting and data assimilation 11.00Andrew Barrett: Convection over orography 11.15Marion Mittermaier: Verification of precipitation 11.30Paul Field/Jonathan Wilkinson: Cloud physics 11.45Chris Holloway: Organisation of convection 12.00Alison Stirling: Parameterization of convection 12.15Pete Clark: Idealised simulations 12.30Lunch 13.30Discussion groups 14.45Tea break 15.00Summary of discussion 15.55Close Please keep to time! 10-12 minute talks and 3-5 minutes for questions/discussion

3. Dynamical and microphysical evolution of convective storms (DYMECS) Operational radar network Track storms in real time and automatically scan Chilbolton radar Derive structure of hundreds of storms on 40 days Evaluate the structure of clouds in the model Robin Hogan, John Nicol, Kirsty Hanley, Thorwald Stein, Bob Plant, Humphrey Lean, Carol Halliwell

4. How well do the high- resolution models simulate surface rainfall? Operational Met Office radar estimates surface rainfall every 5 minutes Radar 1.5-km model 200-m model

5. Performance on 25 August 2012 200-m model predicts best average rainfall But all models underestimate rainfall in the afternoon 200-m model predicts number of small storms best 1.5-km model underestimates small storms but is much better at large storms Radar 200-m model 1.5-km model Kirsty Hanley

6. Storm distributions with mixing length Mixing length plays key role in determining number of small storms Enables 200-m model (with too many small storms) to behave more like observations, or a lower resolution model But optimum mixing length varies from case to case What controls the number of large storms? 1.5-km model 500-m model Kirsty Hanley

7. Estimating updraft magnitude and scale from radar RHI scans Use radar radial wind and continuity equation, setting tangential convergence in each column to a constant such that we have zero vertical wind at ground and cloud-top Tests on slices through model implies errors of ±2 m s -1

8. Distribution of vertical velocity from 500 m model Retrieval good, although peak updrafts underestimated In evaluating models statistically, we can either –Use a mapping function derived from model to correct tail –Compare retrievals to the same method applied in the model True Retrieved John Nicol

9. Evaluation of magnitude of updrafts Agreement in terms of distribution is amazingly good!!! Radar 500-m model Retrieval applied to model and observations True model versus “mapped” observations John Nicol

10. Height distribution in several models Mean updraft speed (w > 1 m/s) versus altitude Mapped retrieval 200-m model 500-m model 1.5-km model (dashed: with graupel) John Nicol

11. Evaluation of width of updrafts Model updrafts shrink with resolution –200-m model has about the right width –Does 100-m model shrink further or stay the same? –How does Smagorinsky mixing length affect model? Observations 200-m model 500-m model 1.5-km model Retrieval in both observations and model: w min =0.5 m/s; w max >3.0m/s True model versus mapped observations: w min =1.0 m/s; w max >5.0m/s

12. Discussion points DYMECS takes a statistical approach, CSIP and COPE a case study approach; how can we best exploit the advantages of each? What controls updraft scale and magnitude, in models and reality? How can we evaluate convective organisation of storms in models? Organisation unaffected by model settings tried: how to improve it? Can models distinguish single cells, multi-cell storms, squall lines & quasi-stationary storms? Can we evaluate this from observations? What is next frontier in evaluating storm-resolving models? Hail occurrence? Turbulence intensity? Lightning location? What is the next frontier in improving storm-resolving models? Stochastic backscatter? Aerosol-cloud interactions? TKE schemes? Can we use DYMECS-type observations to diagnose parameters that should be used in convection parametrizations? What collaborative proposals should be written? What further observations are needed (post-COPE)?

14. At each height bin (1-km depth), derive mapping function (black) from 1D estimate (red) to truth (blue)

15. dBZ w