1. Literary Devices Mr. Lowe American Literature 4A

2. Overview of the Lesson Today we will be looking at 4 different types of literary devices Metaphor Metaphor Simile Simile Personification Personification Imagery Imagery

3. Metaphor The Comparison of 2 unlike things not using the words “like” or “as” DIRECT COMPARISON DIRECT COMPARISON ANALOGY ANALOGY ALLEGORY ALLEGORY IDENTICAL SUBSTITUTE IDENTICAL SUBSTITUTE CONTRAST CONTRAST SIMILE SIMILE DIFFERENCE DIFFERENCE OPPOSITE OPPOSITE

4. Simile The Comparison of 2 unlike things using the words “like” or “as” CORRELATION CORRELATION PARALLEL PARALLEL RELATION RELATION EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT OPPOSITE OPPOSITE DIFFERENCE DIFFERENCE SEPERATION SEPERATION INFERIOR INFERIOR

5. Personification Giving a non-human thing human qualities Gives Emotions Gives Emotions Gives Desires Gives Desires Gives Sensations Gives Sensations Gives Physical Gestures Gives Physical Gestures Does not make the object human Does not make the object human Does not change the objects form Does not change the objects form Does not change the objects function Does not change the objects function

6. Group Activity Please join together with the person in closest proximity to you and read the following poems by Emily Dickenson. After finishing please find 1 example of personification in each poem and write them on the page provided.

7. “ Because I could not stop for Death " Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labour, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun. We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground; The roof was scarcely visible, The cornice but a mound. Since then 'tis centuries; but each Feels shorter than the day I first surmised the horses' heads Were toward eternity.

8. Hope is the thing with feathers Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words, And never stops at all, And sweetest in the gale is heard; And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm. I've heard it in the chilliest land And on the strangest sea; Yet, never, in extremity, It asked a crumb of me.

9. Personification

10. Metaphor and Simile In the following two poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Sylvia Plath look for examples of Metaphor and Simile and write them on the paper provided. In the following two poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Sylvia Plath look for examples of Metaphor and Simile and write them on the paper provided.

11. A Psalm of Life A PSALM OF LIFE A PSALM OF LIFE WHAT THE HEART OF THE YOUNG MAN SAID TO THE PSALMIST WHAT THE HEART OF THE YOUNG MAN SAID TO THE PSALMIST TELL me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream ! — For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. TELL me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream ! — For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real ! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal ; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. Life is real ! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal ; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way ; But to act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than to-day. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way ; But to act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than to-day. Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave. Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave. In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle ! Be a hero in the strife ! In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle ! Be a hero in the strife ! Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant ! Let the dead Past bury its dead ! Act,— act in the living Present ! Heart within, and God o'erhead ! Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant ! Let the dead Past bury its dead ! Act,— act in the living Present ! Heart within, and God o'erhead ! Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time ; Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time ; Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate ; Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate ; Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait.

12. Mirror I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. Whatever I see, I swallow immediately. Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike I am not cruel, only truthful – The eye of a little god, four-cornered. Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall. It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers. Faces and darkness separate us over and over. Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me. Searching my reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon. I see her back, and reflect it faithfully She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands. I am important to her. She comes and goes. Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness. In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish. I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. Whatever I see, I swallow immediately. Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike I am not cruel, only truthful – The eye of a little god, four-cornered. Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall. It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers. Faces and darkness separate us over and over. Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me. Searching my reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon. I see her back, and reflect it faithfully She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands. I am important to her. She comes and goes. Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness. In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.

13. Repetition Read the Poem “The Bells” by Edgar Allen Poe. What does the Repetition in this poem suggest/make you feel?

14. Rhetorical Questions Find three examples of rhetorical questions found in Patrick Henry’s “Speech to the Virginia Convention.” What are they used for?

15. Parallelism Find examples of parallel structure within the Declaration of Independence In grammar, parallelism is a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses. The application of parallelism in sentence construction improves writing style and readability.

16. Allusion An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication. Find an example of allusion in the Speech to the Virginia Convention.

17. Hyperbole Hyperbole is an extravagant exaggeration. It is going to take a b'zillion years to get through Medical School. It is going to take a b'zillion years to get through Medical School. I ate the whole cow. I ate the whole cow. He's 900 years old. He's 900 years old. I am so hungry I could eat a horse. I am so hungry I could eat a horse. There are millions of other things to do. There are millions of other things to do. You're always doing that You're always doing that