2. KEY STAGE 3 HISTORY THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR INTERACTIVE 1642-1649 Why did parliament execute King Charles I in 1649?

3. History Interactive Teaching and Learning Resources These are sample slides. There is no audio, document links or internet links in this sample. See all of our resources at www.historyinteractive.co.uk History Interactive Teaching and Learning © 2013

4. What was a monarch expected to do?monarch A good or bad king? ReligionPowerMoney Monarchs were judged on how successfully they dealt with each of these problems. Work with parliament to pass laws. Do not tax histax people too much. Spend his money wisely. Be strong but not abuse his power. Protect the church and religion of the country. Protect the country and be successful in war. Key Stage 3 History The Civil War Interactive 5

5. 16 Ship Money was a tax. The government made people pay it for 2 reasons:- To pay for protecting trade ships against pirates. To pay for building a navy to protect the country. Ship Money was normally only paid in times of war and by counties near the coast. When Charles closed down parliament in 1629, he had to find ways of making money. The way he went about it was very unpopular. One method he used was called ‘Ship Money’. Charles I rules without Parliament Original ship money New to Ship Money Paid the most Ship Money Ship Money was normally only paid by counties near the coast. In 1635, Charles demanded Ship Money from all counties. People complained because the country was not even at war. Charles I and Ship Money

6. Civil War Battle Formations 29 Cavalry PM P PMPMPM P PMPMPMPM Reserve Forces Dragoons Cavalry Dragoons The Royalist and Parliamentary armies used very similar tactics and weapons during the Civil War. Before a battle began both sides would line up facing each other. In the centre would be the infantry of musketeers and pikemen. On each side of the infantry were the cavalry. The idea was that your cavalry would break the enemy cavalry and drive them off the battlefield while your infantry advances towards the enemy in the centre. Cannon The Enemy CANNONS Cannon used gunpowder to fire a large shot at the enemy. They were however very large and difficult to move. The largest needed a team of 16 horses to move them.  Pikemen and Musketeers marched slowly towards the enemy. 2  Cannons were used to soften up the enemy. 1 PIKEMEN Pikemen were armed with 5 metre long pikes. In battle they stood in a block and protected the musketeers from enemy cavalry. Sometimes they fought enemy pikemen. MUSKETEERS Musketeers were armed with a matchlock musket. In battle they stood in two blocks either side of a block of pikemen. The first row of soldiers fired their weapons and then moved to the back to reload as the next row fired.  The Cavalry would charge the enemy and tried to get behind their defences. 3 CAVALRY Cavalry were men on horseback. They could move quickly and charge at the enemy. Cavalrymen usually carried pistols and swords. Dragoons were cavalrymen who would get off their horse and fight on foot.