1. Written Expression

2. What is the goal of written expression?
To improve the ability of the student to communicate clearly
To help the student move from verbal expression to written expression
To build student confidence in writing skills

3. Why is written expression so difficult?
Difficulty with handwriting
Difficulty with spelling skills
Difficulty with word retrieval
Limited vocabulary
Difficulty with paraphrasing and summarizing
Poor organizational skills
Difficulty applying grammatical skills

4. Hierarchy of Written Expression
Passages
Paragraphs
Sentences

5. Building Sentences What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that...
Begins with a capital letter
Ends with punctuation
Has a subject and predicate
And expresses a complete thought

6. Build more complex sentences
Begin with a simple sentence.
The horse runs.
Have students add adjectives.
The black horse runs.
Have students add words that describe when, where, how, why, and to what extent.
The black horse runs around the yard to get exercise because he is fat.

7. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages
Writing sentences – Primary Book
Who, Where, What, When, How, Action
pg. 6-7
Write your best sentence
pg. 8-9

8. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages
Writing Topic Sentences
Primary book pg
Intermediate book pg
Guide students to chose a type of topic sentences based on the purpose for their writing.

9. Writing Paragraphs What is a paragraph?
A paragraph is a group of sentences about a particular subject,
Teach students to make an outline.
Model procedures.
Start as a group project.
Move from verbal expression to written expression. Some students may need to talk through their ideas before they write.

10. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages
Writing an informational paragraph
Planning is the key!
Primary – pg. 10
Intermediate – pg. 6
Make an outline using the colors of the traffic light.
Green – Topic, Conclusion
Yellow – Key/star ideas
Red – Explain (Text Evidence)

11. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages Primary Book pg. 11
Fun with Friends
My friends and I love outdoor recess time. We always play games together. Four square and hopscotch are the favorite games in our class. We also like the new equipment on the playground. Everyone tries to be the one to go the highest and fastest on the swings. Teams try to beat each other when they play tetherball. We all laugh at each other and cheer when we make points. All of my friends will tell you that recess is a fun part of the day.

12. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages Primary Book pg. 11
Fun with Friends
My friends and I love outdoor recess time. We always play games together. Four square and hopscotch are the favorite games in our class. We also like the new equipment on the playground. Everyone tries to be the one to go the highest and fastest on the swings. Teams try to beat each other when they play tetherball. We all laugh at each other and cheer when we make points. All of my friends will tell you that recess is a fun part of the day.

13. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages Primary Book pg. 11
Fun with Friends
My friends and I love outdoor recess time. We always play games together. Four square and hopscotch are the favorite games in our class. We also like the new equipment on the playground. Everyone tries to be the one to go the highest and fastest on the swings. Teams try to beat each other when they play tetherball. We all laugh at each other and cheer when we make points. All of my friends will tell you that recess is a fun part of the day.

14. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages Intermediate Book pg. 7
Making a Sundae
If you are going to build a sundae, do it right! Start by taking at least three scoops of vanilla ice cream and placing them in your bowl. The bowl should be spacious enough to hold all of the goodies that will be added. Next, sprinkle the ice cream with a small handful of your favorite extras. Any kind will do. Nuts and coconuts work well. Strawberries and blackberries are always welcome on an ice cream sundae. Finally, select your toppings. Some favorites are chocolate, butterscotch, and caramel. If you feel brave, add a mountain of whipped cream. Taking time to prepare your sundae the right way will definitely guarantee you a treat to devour.

15. Step up to Writing: Handy Pages Intermediate Book pg. 7
Making a Sundae
If you are going to build a sundae, do it right! Start by taking at least three scoops of vanilla ice cream and placing them in your bowl. The bowl should be spacious enough to hold all of the goodies that will be added. Next, sprinkle the ice cream with a small handful of your favorite extras. Any kind will do. Nuts and coconuts work well. Strawberries and blackberries are always welcome on an ice cream sundae. Finally, select your toppings. Some favorites are chocolate, butterscotch, and caramel. If you feel brave, add a mountain of whipped cream. Taking time to prepare your sundae the right way will definitely guarantee you a treat to devour.

16. Revising and Editing Teach procedures for editing.
Give students a checklist for revising and editing.
Have students check for only one type of error at a time.
Multiple reviews will be needed.
Writing a Final Copy
Be selective!
Use word processing.
Display final copies

17. Sources
Shelton Academic Language Approach: Therapeutic Implementation of Written Language Skills Intervention for Students with Dyslexia - Director of Outreach & Training – Nancy Coffman, MS, LDT, CALT, QI
Step up to Writing: Handy Pages – Maureen Auman
“Composition: Expressive Language and Writing.” Multisensory Teaching of Basic Language Skills. - Judith Hochman