1. Folder #2
1. Vocab - Islam 2. Spread of Islam notes 3. Islam culture and society 4. Influence of Islam 5. Article: Mad Dream … 6. Map of Africa 7. (nada !) 8. Ch. 7 notes (Africa) 9. Venn diagram (I have this!) 10. Test Review (turn in tomorrow!)

2. Warm-up: Monday
Read the information on the slip of paper you received.
Summarize what it says on your warm-up sheet.

3. Warm-up: Tuesday
Write down 3 observations about this image.

4. Ch. 7: Early African Civilizations 2000 B.C. – A.D. 1500
How did trade and migration affect early African civilizations?

5. Geography
Where is:
Desert?
Rainforest?
Savanna?

6. What was the first African kingdom we learned about?
Ancient Egypt !

7. Kush 1000 B.C. – A.D. 150
In 750 B.C., Kush conquered Egypt, but then pushed back to original lands In 663 B.C.,
Traded iron products, ivory, gold, ebony, slaves
Lost power to Axum

8. Axum A.D
Traded ivory, frankincense, myrrh, slaves

9. Axum
King Ezana made Christianity the official religion of Axum

11. These were major civilizations in Eastern Africa.
In western Africa, several successful trade empires came about…

12. Ghana A.D. 400 - 1200 Prospered because they had:
Iron. What could be made from iron ore?
tools and weapons
Gold.

13. Ghana
Gold from West Africa was exchanged for something the West Africans prized even more: salt.
What’s so special about salt?
Salt was used as a flavoring
a food preservative,
retaining body moisture.

14. Trade
How did these goods cross the desert and reach the Mediterranean and beyond?
Nomadic peoples called Berbers used camel caravans to transport goods

15. “Ship of the Desert”
In about 300 AD, the Arabian camel was brought to Africa and became the “ship of the desert.” The camel stores fat in its hump and water in its stomach, which allows it to travel up to ten days without fresh water—twice the distance of an ox or a horse. All of a sudden trade was much more dependable.

16. Camel Caravans Did they have overnight delivery??
Typical camel caravan:
100 camels, loaded with goods and supplies
3 mph
40 to 60 days

17. Salt Trade
stm

18. Cultural Diffusion
The first people to make the trek across the desert were the Berbers of North Africa, who brought their strict Islamic faith across the Sahara. The Berbers converted many of the merchants of West Africa to Islam.

19. Empires of Early Africa
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20. Mali A.D
Ghana flourished for several hundred years, but collapsed during the 1100s.
Mali rose up in its place
Built its wealth on the gold and salt trade
Timbuktu = important trade city

21. Mali
Mansa Musa was a rich and powerful king of Mali (mansa means “king”)
He was a devout Muslim who encouraged the building of mosques and study of the Quran.

22. Songhai A.D
Took control of Timbuktu and Jenne = gave them control of the trading empire

23. Societies in East Africa: Bantu migrations
Bantu – farming peoples who spoke dialects of the Bantu language
Near what river did the Bantu originate?

24. Bantu Migrations Why is iron important?
There is little or no evidence of ironworking in eastern and southern Africa before the arrival of the Bantu = suggests that the new technology was spread by the Bantu.

25. Cultural diffusion in East Africa
As time passed, a mixed African- Arabian culture formed called
Swahili
From sahel, meaning “coast” in Arabic = “people of the coast”
Combined Bantu and Arabic words
Today is the national language of Kenya and Tanzania

26. Culture
Matrilineal – tracing lineage through the mother rather than the father
Patrilineal- tracing lineage through the father

27. Culture
What types of stories do you hear as you grow up?

28. Culture Griot (gree-oh) – special class of African storytellers
Storytellers preserved African history with their tales because there was no written language.

30. Journal #3
You are the village Griot. You have realized that you have no one to follow in your footsteps. You have decided to record the history of your village . You may create a story, a rap, a poem.
Use your notes! Talk with the people around you!
You will earn extra credit if you perform for the class.

31. Video Clip: Jenne Mosque

32. African Society and Culture
Lineage group – an extended family unit that has combined into a larger community
(Extended family = parents, children, grandparents)
Basic building blocks of African society.
Members were expected to take care of eachother

34. Warm-up: Wednesday
1. What cultural traits spread to the West African kingdoms through trade?
2. How did the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai become prosperous?