2. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are produced from other cells. 3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function for all living organisms.

3. 2 Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cells – Bacteria – have no enclosed nucleus Eukaryotic Cells – All plants, animals, fungi, & protista. These are more advanced cells that have an enclosed nucleus.

4. Prokaryotic Cells The most primitive cells do not have an enclosed nucleus.

5. Eukaryotic Cells viewed with a microscope

7. Nucleus The Brain of the cell. Controls all of the functions of a cell. Determines the type of cell.

8. Cytoplasm The jelly like substance that fills the cell.

9. Cell Membrane Thin, flexible barrier around the cell. Determines what enters and leaves the cell.

10. Mitochondria Breaks down your food to produce energy. The energy powerhouse of the cell.

11. Mitochondria Mitochondria have their own DNA. Billions of years ago, they were probably free living bacteria that entered a cell and set up a mutualistic relationship.

12. Ribosomes Makes proteins. Often found on rough E.R.

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum E.R. Membrane system used for transport within a cell. Rough E.R. contains ribosomes. Smooth E.R. does not contain ribosomes.

14. Lysosomes Contain enzymes to break down wastes.

15. GolgiBodies Stack of membranes that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. Assemble molecules needed by cell.

16. Plant cells also contain: Cell Walls Chloroplasts Large Vacuoles

17. Plant Cells: Cell Wall Cell Wall surrounds cell and protects it. Makes a plant cell rigid.

18. Chloroplasts Used in photosynthesis to make food for the plant. Makes plant green.

19. Vacuoles Stores water. Plants have much bigger vacuoles than animal cells do.

20. Test yourself: Animal Cell

21. Test yourself – Plant cell