1. HVACR116 – Trade Skills Fundamentals of Electricity

2. ATOMS ARE MADE UP OF PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS P N ELECTRON

3. PROTONS POSITIVE + NEUTRONS NEUTRAL 0 ELECTRONS NEGATIVE - P ELECTRON + N 0 -

4. ELECTRONS ORBIT AROUND THE PROTON AND NEUTRON NEGATIVE in CHARGE P ELECTRON +0 - N

5. THE ELECTRON IS IN CONSTANT ORBIT AROUND THE PROTON AND NEUTRON P N

6. A GREATER ENERGY FORCE EXISTS ON ONE SIDE OF THE ELECTRON THAN THE OTHER CAUSING MOVEMENT P N ACTION FORCE

7. THE ELECTRON PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS P N

8. HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLES CAN BE USED TO UNDERSTAND ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

9. PRESSURE DIFFERENCE = FLOW P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

10. VOLTAGE = ELECTRICAL PRESSURE P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

11. P1 > P2 = RIGHTWARD FLOW P1P2 FLOW

12. P2 > P1 = LEFTWARD FLOW P1P2 FLOW

13. PRESSURE DIFFERENCE DETERMINES FLOW RATE P1P2 U-TUBE MANOMETER

14. THE GREATER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE GREATER THE FLOW RATE P1P2 FLOW 120 PSI0 PSI

15. THE SMALLER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE LOWER THE FLOW RATE P1P2 FLOW 120 PSI24 PSI

16. THE SMALLER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE LOWER THE FLOW RATE P1P2 FLOW 120 PSI100 PSI

17. 0 PRESSURE DIFFERENCE = 0 FLOW RATE P1P2 NO FLOW 120 PSI

18. VOLTAGE RESULTS WHEN THERE IS AN ABUNDANCE OF ELECTRONS APPEARING ON ONE SIDE OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT COMPARED TO THE OTHER + - - + - - -+ + - + - + + MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN HERE

19. ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE (PRESSURE) IS GREATER ON THE LEFT SIDE THAN ON THE RIGHT + - - + - - -+ + - + - + + MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN HERE

20. BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL, ELECTRONS WILL MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT + - - + - - -+ + - + - + + MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN HERE FLOW

21. BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL, ELECTRONS WILL MOVE FROM RIGHT TO LEFT + - - + + +- - + - - - P2 IS AT GREATER PRESSURE THAN P1 P1P2 FLOW

22. BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL BEING ZERO (NO PRESSURE DIFFERENCE) THERE WILL BE NO FLOW OF ELECTRONS + - - + - + P1P2 P1 HAS THE SAME ELECTRONS AS P2

23. VOLTAGE : THE FORCE THAT MOVES ELECTRONS THROUGH AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT - - - - + -+ + + + - + -

24. ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE IS THE FORCE THAT MOVES ELECTRONS THROUGH AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT + + + - - - -

25. VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL PRESSURE EMF (electro-motive force)

26. P N P N P N P N THE ELECTRON PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

27. P N P N P N P N FORCE IS APPLIED TO ONE ELECTRON FORCE

28. P N P N P N P N ELECTRON IS KNOCKED OUT OF ORBIT AND INTO THE NEXT ELECTRON

29. P N P N P N P N WHICH IS KNOCKED OUT OF IT’S ORBIT INTO THE NEXT ELECTRON

30. P N P N P N P N

31. P N P N P N P N

32. P N P N P N P N ELECTRICAL CURRENT FLOW OF ELECTRONS

33. P N P N P N P N ELECTRICAL CURRENT FLOW OF ELECTRONS

34. P N P N P N P N AMPERAGE ELECTRICAL CURRENT

35. ELECTRICAL VALUES & SYMBOLS

36. 0.000001 0.001 1.0 1,000 1,000,000 1 millionth 1 thousandth 1.0 1 Thousand 1 Million micro milli 1.0 Kilo Mega  m 1.0 K M SI UNITS

37. 1K = 1,000 0.5K = 500 5K = 5000 100K = 100,000 1M = 1,000,000 0.5M = 500,000 5M = 5,000,000 100M - 100,000,000 THOUSAND MILLION

38. SI UNITS 1m = 0.001 0.5m = 0.0005 5m = 0.005 100m = 0.100 1   = 0.0000001 0.5  = 0.00000005 5  = 0.0000005 100  = 0.000100 THOUSANDTH MILLIONTH

39. E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE OHM’s LAW FORMULA

40. E = VOLTAGE = PRESSURE I = CURRENT = FLOW R = RESISTANCE = RESISTANCE OHM’s LAW FORMULA

41. E = CURRENT X RESISTANCE I = VOLTAGE / RESISTANCE R = VOLTAGE / CURRENT OHM’s LAW FORMULA

42. E R I E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

43. E R I VOLTS = CURRENT X RESISTANCE E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

44. E R I CURRENT = VOLTS / RESISTANCE E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

45. E R I RESISTANCE = VOLTS / CURRENT E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE

46. E = CURRENT X RESISTANCE I = VOLTAGE / RESISTANCE R = VOLTAGE / CURRENT OHM’s LAW FORMULA

47. E = VOLTAGE I = CURRENT R = RESISTANCE P = POWER WATTAGE FORMULA

48. E = VOLTAGE = PRESSURE I = CURRENT = FLOW R = RESISTANCE = RESISTANCE P = POWER WATTAGE FORMULA

49. P = VOLTS X CURRENT P = VOLTS P = CURRENT 2 / RESISTANCE 2 X RESISTANCE