1. CELLS

2. Prokaryotic Cells
Less advanced and less complex (more primitive)
No nucleus: DNA is free floating
Still carry out all characteristics of life
a.k.a: bacteria!
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell of organisms more advanced than bacteria (animals, plants, fungus, and some single celled protists).
More complex
DNA contained inside the nucleus

3. PLANT CELL (eukaryotic)

4. ANIMAL CELL (eukaryotic)

5. NUCLEUS

6. NUCLEUS FUNCTION: Control center of the cell: “brain of cell”
CONTAINS GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA)
CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES
FOUND IN ALL CELLS EXCEPT BACTERIA (EXCEPT PROKARYOTES)
In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

7. Factory analogy:
The ‘BOSS’ ---
management/ CEO

8. CELL MEMBRANE ALL CELLS HAVE CELL MEMBRANE
PROTECTS CELL
CONTROLS WHAT ENTERS AND EXITS CELL
CONSISTS OF 2-LAYERS OF LIPIDS AND PROTEIN CHANNELS
In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

9. FACTORY ANALOGY:
Security or doors

10. CELL WALL
PROTECTS the cell and provides SUPPORT structure (at cellular level) for plant cells
In PLANT cells and some bacterial cells

11. structure of the building
FACTORY ANALOGY
outside walls or
structure of the building

12. CYTOPLASM
Cytoplasm is the contents of the cell that is inside the membrane but outside the nucleus.
Suspends the other cell parts such as ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, etc.
Essentially water with dissolved substances.
In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

13. Internal walls and ceilings
FACTORY ANALOGY
Internal walls and ceilings

14. CYTOSKELETON
Network of protein filaments that helps a cell to maintain its shape
Also involved in transport around cell
In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

15. FACTORY ANALOGY: Beams that support the walls & ceilings or
Transportation system

16. MITOCHONDRIA FUNCTIONS: ‘POWER HOUSE’ OF CELL (‘mighty mitochondria”)
CONVERTS ENERGY (GLUCOSE) INTO USABLE FORM (ATP) FOR CELL
In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells
Note: 1 mitochondrion, multiple mitochondria

17. power supply/ generators
FACTORY ANALOGY:
power supply/ generators

18. CHLOROPLASTS
FUNCTION: CONVERT SUNLIGHT ENERGY INTO SUGAR (GLUCOSE) via photosynthesis
GREEN because of PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL

19. FACTORY ANALOGY
solar panels

20. RIBOSOMES FUNCTION: PROTIENS MANUFACTURING
SOME ARE ‘FREE’ AND SOME ARE ATTACHED TO ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

21. FACTORY ANALOGY
WORKERS

22. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

23. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
FUNCTION: assembles lipids, proteins, and other molecules for transport to other parts of cell or for export from the cell
In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

24. FACTORY ANALOGY: assembly line

25. GOLGI APPARATUS also known as ‘golgi bodies’
FUNCTION: modifies, sorts, packages and labels materials
In both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

26. Mailroom/ shipping or warehouse
FACTORY ANALOGY:
Mailroom/ shipping or warehouse

27. LYSOSOMES FUNCTION: CLEAN-UP CREW OF CELL In both PLANT & ANIMAL cells
Breaks down waste and other molecules for disposal/ recycling
Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste
In both PLANT & ANIMAL cells

28. FACTORY ANALOGY: custodians/ recycling

29. VACUOLES FUNCTION: PROVIDES A PLACE FOR STORAGE
CONTAINS MAINLY WATER, SALT, NUTRIENTS AND WASTE PRODUCTS
THE ‘CENTRAL VACUOLE’ IN PLANT CELLS’ OCCUPIES ¾ OF CELL VOLUME
Primarily in plant cells, but also some animal cells

30. FACTORY ANALOGY: Storage rooms for extra supplies, overstock