1. Cardiovascular Disorders Notes

2. Pericarditis Infection of pericardium S/S – fever, pain in chest, difficulty breathing, palpitations, sweats/chills, pale skin, swelling of chest Tx – antibiotics, surgery

3. Arrhythmia Irregular heart beat Fast – tachycardia Slow – bradycardia Lacking – asystole S/S – weakness / dizziness Tx – meds, defibrillator, pace maker

4. Coronary Heart Disease Umbrella – heart conditions –Heart failure –Heart attack Angina –Pain in chest (exercise) –Discomfort in shoulder –Shortness of breath

5. Atherosclerosis Hardening/narrowing of arteries Plaque deposits (cholesterol) –Prone to blood clots Reduction in blood flow –Heart Attack –Stroke Tx: Medication, angioplasty/stents, bypass surgery

6. Heart Failure Heart cannot carry out its pumping function –Weak contractions –Blood circulation slows –No oxygen for cells –Veins hold more blood Congestive Heart Failure –Fluid in lungs and extremities

7. S/S of Heart Failure Dry cough, shortness of breath Fatigue Dizziness / fainting Swollen legs and ankles Fluid in lungs Increased urination

8. Heart Attack Myocardial Infarction –Decreased blood supply to heart Often due to thrombosis (blood clot) – Blocks coronary artery

9. Signs of a Heart Attack Crushing pain in chest Abdominal pain similar to heart burn Radiating back pain Sharp pain radiating in shoulder/neck Shortness of breath Dizziness / fainting Nausea / vomiting Profuse sweating Rapid heart rate Feeling of impending doom Lasting fatigue

10. Risk Factors for a Heart Attack High BP Diet rich in fats Obesity Diabetes High cholesterol More common in men than women (Δ) Family history Smoking

11. Diagnosis

12. Echocardiography Ultrasound of moving heart

14. Electrocardiograph (ECG / EKG) Records electrical activity –Electrocardiogram One cycle of working heart

16. Treatments

17. Angioplasty Catheter inserted in blood vessel up to narrowed artery End widens vessel –Balloon Widens lumen and blood flows easily –Compresses plaques

19. Stents Catheter install stent –Tiny metal tube shaped device Remain in place to keep artery open

20. Bypass Surgery Blood is rerouted around problem area Surgeon removes vessel from other site Clips artery above and below problem site and reattaches new vessel Heart is stopped during procedure

22. Heart Transplant Recommended for heart failure patients –Need donors Mechanical Implant –Left Ventricular Assist Device –Used until donor can be found

23. Medications Nitrates (Nitroglycerin) – vasodilator Thrombolytic agents – clot-busting drug Beta Blockers / ACE inhibitors – decrease BP, reduce demands on heart