1. Cell Structure and Organization 5.1 Cell theory and size

2. What is a cell?  Smallest unit of living matter  First discovered in 1700s with microscope  Cell theory  All organisms are made of cells  Cells are the smallest unit of living matter  Cells come from pre-existing cells  Cells are self-reproducing

3. Why are cells so small?  Surface area  Volume  Ratio determines ability of substances to enter cell  Need high SA to vol. ratio

4. Cell Structure and Organization 5.2 Prokaryotic cells

5. What is a prokaryotic cell again?  Pro = _______  Karyo = ________  Eu = ________  Prokaryotes include  Archeae  Bacteria

6. What is inside a bacterial cell—1?  No true organelles  Cell envelope  Cell wall  Peptidoglycan  Plasma membrane  Mesosomes  Where most metabolic activities occur  Glycocalyx  Capsule

7. What is inside a bacterial cell—2?  Cytoplasm  Nucleoid region  Circular chromosome anchored to _____  Plasmids  Ribosomes  Inclusion bodies  Thylakoids (cyanobacteria)  Appendages  Fimbriae  Flagella  Sex pili

8. What’s different inside an Archeae cell?  More cell shape diversity  No peptidoglycan in cell wall  Other similar molecules  Most likely ancestor for eukaryotes

9. Cell Structure and Organization 5.3 Eukaryotic cells

10. What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?  Eukaryotes  Nucleus  True organelles  Membrane bound  Compartmentalization  Keeps incompatible rxns separate  Increases efficiency of rxns  Derived from prokaryotic ancestor  Endosymbiotic hypothesis

11. What organelles are found in eukaryotes?  Nucleus  Mitochondria  Endomembrane system  Lysosomes  Peroxisomes vesicles and vacuoles  Choloroplast (only in plant cells)

12. What other structures are found in eukaryotes?  Ribosome  Cytoskeleton  Centriole  Cilia and flagella

13. What is the nucleus composed of?  Chromatin  Chromosomes  Nucleoplasm  Nuclear envelope  Nucleotides  Nuclear pore

14. What is the mitochondria composed of?  Inner and outer membrane  Cristae  Matrix

15. What are lysosome, peroxisomes,veiscles and vacuoles?  Lysosomses  recycling system  Peroxisomes  Specialized  Peroxides  Vesicles  Membraneous sacs  Vacuoles  Larger than vesicles

16. What is the endomembrane system?  Parts  Nuclear envelope  ER  Golgi  vesicles  Secretory pathway hypothesis  Describes production, packaging and export of proteins

17. What are ribosomes?  Protein synthesis  Two sub-units  Differ in ‘s’ value  collect, package, and distribute molecules synthesized at one location in the cell and utilized at another location

18. What kind of Cytoskeleton are present in the cell?  actin filaments  intermediate filaments  microtubules  Functions:  cell shape  cell movement  transport of materials  anchoring organelles

19. What are cilia and flagella?  Cilia  Hairlike  many  Flagella  Whiplike  One or two  9 + 2 pattern  Functions:  movement