1. Softwood anatomy

2. Longitudinal tracheids

3. Earlywood and Latewood

4. EW-LW transition - abrupt
Latewood
Earlywood

5. EW-LW transition - gradual
Latewood
Earlywood

6. EW-LW transition - intermediate
Latewood
Earlywood

7. EW-LW transition - abrupt
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood
Earlywood

8. EW-LW transition - gradual
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood
Earlywood

9. EW-LW transition - intermediate
Earlywood
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood

10. EW-LW transition - abrupt
Earlywood
Latewood

11. EW-LW transition - gradual
Earlywood
Latewood

12. Growth ring width variation
Three very different growth rates
(Douglas-fir all shown at the same magnification)

13. Bordered pits
Inter-tracheid bordered pit

14. Bordered pits

15. Bordered pits – less common arrangements
Paired
Alternate

16. Longitudinal parenchyma

17. Longitudinal parenchyma

18. Resin canals

19. Resin canals
Large diameter
Small diameter

20. Resin canals
Large resin canals
Small resin canals
Non-resinous

21. Resin canals
White pine Lodgepole pine
Spruce Douglas-fir

22. Resin canals
Large resin canals
Small resin canals
Non-resinous

23. Resin canals
Traumatic
Paired
Multiple

24. Rays – uniseriate rays
Uniseriate rays

25. Rays – fusiform rays
Fusiform ray
(including
horizontal
resin canal)

26. Rays – fusiform rays
Fusiform ray
(including horizontal
resin canal)

27. Spiral thickening
Spiral thickening on inside of cell wall

28. Spiral thickening
Spiral thickenings

29. Cross-field pitting

30. Cross-field pitting
Lodgepole pine
White spruce
Red pine
Douglas-fir

31. Cross-field details bordered pits between ray ray tracheid dentations
tracheids
ray tracheid dentations
bordered pits between ray
tracheids and longitudinal tracheids
semi-bordered pits

32. Hardwoods

33. Red alder – aggregate rays

34. Red alder – aggregate rays

35. Genuine mahogany
Red lauan

36. Red lauan – gum ducts