1. PLYMOUTH TO PENNSYLVANIA Settling the Northern Colonies

2. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther  95 Theses  Church needs to reform  Began Protestantism John Calvin  People are evil  No free will  Some are predestined to be saved

3. Protestants Catholics Bible No Free Will Simple Church Pope Free Will Elaborate Church

5. Puritans Separatists Purify Church from the Inside Church Too Corrupt Leave and establish a PURE church somewhere else

7. Mayflower Decide to leave Netherlands Why? Mayflower/Speedwell

12. Mayflower Compact Agreement to create a gov’t based on the will of the majority.

13. Pilgrims and Indians 1 st Winter- Half of Colonists Die Squanto- Indian who helps colonists 1 st Thanksgiving (1620)

14. Mass. Bay Colony 1629 King Charles I persecutes Puritans Great Migration- 70,000 Puritans move to Mass.

16. Religion and Mass. Theocracy Only male members of the Church could vote Education for all Strict Life  Godly Life  Public Punishment  Drama/ Gambling/ Drunkenness forbidden (Excesses)  Children’s behavior dictated mother’s salvation

20. John Winthrop  “City Upon a Hill”  American Exceptionalism

21. Women  Equal before God, but lesser in society  Still had more rights than women in Europe  Could inherit property/ Sit on juries  This was due more to the number of people in Plymouth than to anything else Family  1:5 Women died in Childbirth  12% Infant Mortality  9 children per family  Life Expectancy- Men 69/ Women 50

22. Children  Children were seen as the embodiment of original sin  Corporal Punishment  Age 8- Began learning a trade (No adolescence)  Age 16- Males became militiamen  Almost all could read (In order to read the Bible)

23. Anne Hutchinson  Antinomian Heresy  Expelled from Mass. Bay Roger Williams  Separation of Church and State  Thought Indians owned land  Banished to RI

24. Half-way Covenant  Unconverted children can be baptized but not admitted into full communion

25. Salem Witch Trials 1692-1693 20 killed for witchcraft/ 2 dogs Spectral Evidence Witchcake Personas  Sarah Good  Tituba

28. Causes  Religion  Socio-Economic  Teenage Boredom  Mass Hysteria  Drugs

29. Rhode Island Colony Settled 1636 “Sewer of New England” Religious Tolerance No slavery or corp. punish.

30. Connecticut Colony 1633 Established as a Puritan retreat 1636 Thomas Hooker leads Puritans from Boston  Thought all land owning man should vote/ Not just church members 1638 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut  1 st Constitution in the Americas  Universal male suffrage

31. Pequot War 1636-1637

32. Causes  Result of Dutch-English rivalry over fur trade Battles  Mystic Massacre- Puritans burn an Indian town with 700 women and children Results  Pequots sold into slavery  Lands given to colonists  Name expunged

33. New England Confederation 1643-1684 Formed as a result of Pequot War Mass. Bay Colony, Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven Each colony received 2 votes Stayed neutral during Anglo-Dutch Wars

34. King Philip’s War 1675-1676 King Philip unites tribes to drive out English Dozens of towns burned (Plymouth, Providence) Thousands killed, tortured, and captured Colonists pushed to the coast Sea supplies flow in from the South, turn the tide Philip captured, and his head put on display in Plymouth

35. Results  Captivity Narratives  85% of Natives and 45% of English killed  Natives permanently broken in New England

36. Dominion of New England Edmund Andros  English government seizes colonies  Puritan hold broken on Mass. (Anglican Church)  Plymouth forced to join Mass. Bay Colony  New Hampshire created  Charter Oak

38. Glorious Revolution in England 1688 William of Orange (Protestant) invades England Overthrows King James II (Catholic)

39. English Bill of Rights (1689)  Freedom of speech  Right to property, assemble, bear arms, trial, jury, no harsh punishment or excessive bail  Parliament taxes, NOT King  Citizens who own land can vote for Parliament

40. Reaction in America  Mob chases out Andros  Salutary Neglect  Royal Colonies

41. New Netherlands Dutch West India Company 1623 New Netherlands  Fur Trading New Amsterdam  Bought for $24  Peter Stuyvesant 1664- English capture New Netherlands

44. New Jersey 1638- Swedes settle along Delaware River 1640- Dutch settle Bergen County 1664- English seize area  Berkeley and Carteret  East and West Jersey 1681- Quakers purchase East and West Jersey 1702- NJ combined as a royal colony

45. Pennsylvania 1681- William Penn and Society of Friends were granted Pennsylvania  Religious Freedom  Peace with Indians  Blue Laws