1. Utilizing the IHOP 2002 data to study variability in surface water cycle and precipitation process F. Chen, M. LeMone, T. Horst, D. Yates, S. Semmer, S. Trier, K. Manning, M. Tewari, H. McIntyre (NCAR) F. Chen, M. LeMone, T. Horst, D. Yates, S. Semmer, S. Trier, K. Manning, M. Tewari, H. McIntyre (NCAR) R. Grossman (Colorado Research Associates) R. Grossman (Colorado Research Associates) R. Cuenca (Oregon State University) R. Cuenca (Oregon State University) D. Niyogi (North Carolina State University) D. Niyogi (North Carolina State University) P. Blanken, J. Alfieri, J. Uebelherr(University of Colorado) P. Blanken, J. Alfieri, J. Uebelherr(University of Colorado) Motivation Motivation IH 2 OP surface, vegetation, and soil observation network IH 2 OP surface, vegetation, and soil observation network Preliminary results Preliminary results

2. Scientific Issues How does land surface (soil moisture, vegetation, terrain) contribute to the amount and variation of water vapor in PBL? How does land surface (soil moisture, vegetation, terrain) contribute to the amount and variation of water vapor in PBL?  How well the BL structure reflect the underlying surface conditions  Under which condition do mesoscale circulation occur  How is BL depth affected How do the above influence convection initiation and evolution How do the above influence convection initiation and evolution

3. IHOP Surface, Soil and Vegetation Network URL:http://www.rap.ucar.edu/projects/land/IHOP/index.htm Part of IHOP network to support the ABL mission Part of IHOP network to support the ABL mission Nine NCAR surface-flux stations provide: Nine NCAR surface-flux stations provide:  Complete surface energy budget, near-surface atmospheric conditions, precipitation  Soil moisture/temperature only at 5 cm depth Enhance the NCAR surface stations by adding soil and vegetation instruments Enhance the NCAR surface stations by adding soil and vegetation instruments Supported by NCAR Water Initiative (purchase soil and vegetation sensors, field trips) Supported by NCAR Water Initiative (purchase soil and vegetation sensors, field trips)

4. Nine NCAR Surface, soil, and vegetation stations. Plus one (site 10) from CU ABLE Network OK Mesonet Western Leg Sites 1, 2, 3 CU station 10 Central Leg Sites 4, 5, 6 Eastern Leg Sites 7, 8, 9

5. Methodology Strategically place ten surface stations along the flight tracks and over different landuse types (range grass, wheat, sparsely vegetated) Strategically place ten surface stations along the flight tracks and over different landuse types (range grass, wheat, sparsely vegetated) Single profile of soil moisture and temperature sensors at seven stations: measurements centered at 7.5, 15, 22.5, 37.5, 60, 70-95 cm Single profile of soil moisture and temperature sensors at seven stations: measurements centered at 7.5, 15, 22.5, 37.5, 60, 70-95 cm Three profiles at Sites 1 and 9 ‘super sites’ Three profiles at Sites 1 and 9 ‘super sites’ IHOP No Land Cover FetchLatLongElevation (m) Legal 1WW1036 28.370100 37.075871S55 B10 HT and B Survey (Texas) 2CRP grass936 37.327100 37.619859SW¼S19T2NR23E 3Sagebrush + mesquite + cactus 936 51.662100 35.670780N ¼ S32 T5NR23E 4Grass7-837 21.47498 14.679509SE ¼ S12T31S R9W 5WW1037 22.68498 09.816506W ½ S2 T31S R8W 6WW10!37 21.26997 39.200417NW ¼ S16 T31S R3W 7Grass, grazed837 18.97296 56.323382 NE ¼ S36-T31S R4E 8Grass, May be burned 937 24.41896 45.937430SW¼ S27 T30S R6E 9Grass, will graze cattle. 8-9, rolling 37 24.61896 34.028 447 E½ S30 T30S R8E 10Heavily grazed 9+36 53.544100 36.202 NE ¼ S19T5NR23E (CU site)

6. Expected Data Near-surface weather conditions, PAR, surface incoming and net radiation (full component at sites 1,8, and 9), precipitation, surface heat fluxes, ground heat flux Near-surface weather conditions, PAR, surface incoming and net radiation (full component at sites 1,8, and 9), precipitation, surface heat fluxes, ground heat flux CO2 concentrations at sites 1 and 8 CO2 concentrations at sites 1 and 8 Soil moisture content, soil water tension (potential), and soil temperature profiles from the surface to a depth of 90 cm (about seven weeks). Three profiles at sites 1 and 9 Soil moisture content, soil water tension (potential), and soil temperature profiles from the surface to a depth of 90 cm (about seven weeks). Three profiles at sites 1 and 9 Soil bulk density, soil texture, saturated hydraulic conductivity, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, thermal conductivity, and the soil-water retention function. Soil bulk density, soil texture, saturated hydraulic conductivity, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, thermal conductivity, and the soil-water retention function. Weekly vegetation data: NDVI, LAI, stomatal resistance, transpiration Weekly vegetation data: NDVI, LAI, stomatal resistance, transpiration Diurnal cycle of stomatal resistance and transpiration for a few selected sties Diurnal cycle of stomatal resistance and transpiration for a few selected sties

7. Rain accumulation (mm)Latent heat flux (W m-2) West leg Sites 1, 2, 3 Central leg Sites 4, 5, 6 East leg Sites 7, 8, 9

8. Weather Research Forecast(WRF)/ LSM coupled model verification (with 10-km grid spacing) 31 May 2002 Sites 1, 2, 3 Sites 7, 8, 9 M. Tewari and F. Chen

9. WRF/LSM coupled model verification Sites 1, 2, 3 Sites 7, 8, 9 M. Tewari and F. Chen

10. High-resolution land data assimilation system (HRLDAS) Multi-resolution (4, 12 km) Multi-resolution (4, 12 km) Utilize: Utilize:  4-km hourly NCEP Stage-II; 1-km landuse type and soil texture maps; 0.5 degree hourly satellite derived downward solar radiation; T,q, u, v, from model based analysis; To simulate the evolution To simulate the evolution of soil moisture and temperature, evaporation and runoff. Hourly product (Jan-July Hourly product (Jan-July2002) 4-km surface soil moisture Valid at 12 Z May 29 2002

11. Impact of soil moisture on QPF 3-h rainfall ending 18Z 19 June 1998 (dryline case) MM5 using soil moisture from HRLDAS MM5 using soil moisture from NCEP EDAS coarse resolution and too wet S. Trier, K. Manning, and F. Chen

12. Important BL processes for convection initiation and intensification for the 19 June 1998 dryline case Quasi-stationary convective rolls formed at the dryline seem critical for CI Mesoscale circulation formed as result of differential heating in the morning may be responsible for CI in OK S. Trier, K. Manning, and F. Chen

13. Summary Comprehensive atmospheric, soil, and vegetation data set from IHOP surface/soil/vegetation network Comprehensive atmospheric, soil, and vegetation data set from IHOP surface/soil/vegetation network  Allow a detailed analysis and improvement of LSM components  Verify couple model simulation Study relationships among S-pol water vapor (Roberts and Wilson), King Air fluxes and water vapor (LeMone), and HRLDAS soil moisture and surface evaporation Study relationships among S-pol water vapor (Roberts and Wilson), King Air fluxes and water vapor (LeMone), and HRLDAS soil moisture and surface evaporation Investigate the role of convective rolls and mesoscale circulations in CI and QPF with IHOP data Investigate the role of convective rolls and mesoscale circulations in CI and QPF with IHOP data