1. Unit 8 Seminar  Community Corrections  Probation  Parole 1

2.  3-page paper  Fully answers all 3 questions  At least 3 references: 1 = through the Kaplan library, 1 = Textbook, 1 = credible resource (not Wikipedia)  List sources on reference page (try APA style!)  Paper must follow this format: Page 1 = Cover page Pages 2, 3 and 4 = Body of text (3 full pages) Page 5 = Reference page  Size 12, Times New Roman font, double-spaced  Submit to Drop box by the end of Unit 9 2 Unit 9: Final Essay!

3. 3 Next Week: Last Seminar! Pot Luck!

4. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 4  Wide range of sentencing options  Allows offenders to remain in the community under supervision  Must meet certain conditions  It’s an alternative to jail or prison It’s a privilege, not a right! Community Corrections

5. 5 Question! What are some examples of community corrections?

6. 6 Probation Parole Community Service Home confinement Electronic monitoring Halfway Houses Day Reporting Intensive Supervision Examples of Community Corrections

7. Suspended Quarterback Michael Vicks to spend rest of sentence in home confinement. - May 2009 7 August 2005 Martha Stewart will spend three extra weeks under house arrest after reports that she violated terms of her home confinement by going to a yoga class…

8. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 8  Most common form of sentence  It’s a sentence of imprisonment that is suspended; the sentence is served while being supervised in the community.  This conditional freedom is granted by a judicial officer as long as the person meets certain conditions of behavior. Probation

9. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 9 In the U.S.:  John Augustus (1784-1859) – “Father of Probation” - Boston shoemaker who volunteered to take home drunks. He supervised over 2,000 offenders. - Helped start the PSI (Presentence Investigation)  1878 Massachusetts - first paid probation officer  By 1925, all states had probation History of Probation

10. PSI The PSI tells the judge about the history of the offender. YOU If YOU were a judge, what kind of information would you want to see in a PSI? 10 Question!

11. Mandated by the courts Probation can be revoked if conditions aren’t met 2 types of conditions: 1) General and 2) Specific CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 11 Probation Conditions

12. General Conditions Apply to all probationers within the jurisdiction. Examples:  Obey laws  Maintain employment  Remain within jurisdiction  Allow probation officer to visit home or work place  Pay court ordered fines Specific Conditions Judge-mandated for the specific probationer. Examples:  Surrender driver’s license  Pass GED test  Do community service  Curfew  Complete a treatment plan 12 CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

13. 13 Geographic Conditions for Jolene! Between noon & 5 a.m. – in certain areas: She can’t contact motorists She can’t accept rides She can’t be on a public street without good reason She can’t possess a cell, pager, beeper within certain geographical areas

14.  Over 150,000 offenders on probation  Over 7,000 federal probation officers  Authority to arrest  Some carry weapons 14 CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Federal Probation System

15. 15 Parole—a prisoner reentry strategy Prison inmates receive supervised conditional early release from correctional confinement. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Parole

16. 16 Diane Downs: convicted of shooting her 3 children in 1983. One child died; one is a paraplegic; one has paralysis on one side of her body. The 2 surviving children were adopted by the prosecutor & his wife. Diane went before the parole board in 2008: denied parole. 2010: Can apply for parole again Ann Rule: “Small Sacrifices”

17. What’s one difference between probation & parole? 17 Question!

18. Probation Avoids prison time Sentencing decision by judge Follow conditions or risk revocation Parole In prison before released Administrative decision by parole board or mandatory release after serving time (statute) Follow conditions or risk revocation 18 Probation vs. Parole

19. 19 Of all parolees: 46% successfully complete parole 26% return to prison for technical violations 11% return to prison for new violations California leads in sending parole violators back to prison (two thirds of their prison population) CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Extent of Parole

20. 20 Mistake #1: Violating court orders by drinking Mistake #2: Posting drinking photos to Facebook “Facebook drinking photos show parole violation in fatal DUI case” -- Chicago Tribune, June 2009 20 year old female college student Original charge: reckless homicide, aggravated DUI

21.  Similar to probation conditions  Violations = parole is revoked  Examples of conditions:  Reporting to parole officer  Maintaining employment  Paying fines and restitution 21 CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Parole Conditions

22.  You will be required to take a Polygraph Examination every six months or more…  You will not have contact of any kind with the victim(s) or the families….  You will not use the internet without permission …  You will not possess computer programs unless approved by the Parole Officer…  You will not view pornography of any type or enter adult entertainment establishments…  You will not possess any equipment or devices which are designed for the purpose of restraining or confining a person (e.g., handcuffs, restraint chains, etc.)…  You will not possess any camera(s) or other equipment unless approved by the Parole Officer… 22CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Intensive Parole for Sex Offenders

23. 23 When Ricky was 16, he went to a teen club and met a girl named Amanda, who said she was the same age. They hit it off and were eventually having sex. At the time Ricky thought it was a pretty normal high school romance. Two years later, Ricky is a registered sex offender. Amanda turned out to be 13. Ricky was sentenced to 2 years probation and 10 years on the Iowa sex offender registry. Ricky

24. 24 Question! What’s one advantage or disadvantage of probation & parole?

25. Advantages  Low cost  Increased employment  Restitution  Community support  Reduced risk of criminal sanctions  Increased use of community services  Better rehabilitation opportunities Disadvantages  Relative lack of punishment  Increased risk to community  Higher social costs  Discriminatory and unequal effects 25 Advantages & Disadvantages of Probation & Parole

26. 26 Job Functions Presentence investigations Intake procedures Needs assessment/diagnosis Supervision of clients Job Challenges Balancing conflicting roles Large caseloads Frequent lack of opportunities for upward mobility Stress Job of Probation & Parole Officers

27. Alternatives - somewhere between probation & incarceration Examples: - Split sentences - Mixed sentences - Shock incarceration - Intensive supervision - Home confinement/elec monitoring - Community service 27 Intermediate Sanctions = Alternative Sanctions

28. 28 Example of Shock Incarceration: Boot Camp Martin Lee Anderson died after an altercation with guards at the Bay County Sheriff's Office Boot Camp in Panama City, Florida. A surveillance camera videotape, made public last week, shows the guards dragging the limp boy around the grounds, kneeing and striking him several times. -- LA Times, February 2006 Martin died 2 hrs. after entering the boot camp.

29.  Most inmates will be released back into society.  Barriers to successful reentry need to be addressed:  Substance abuse  Lack of education  Poverty  Diminished opportunities for employment  Physical or mental disabilities 29 Reentry Issues

30.  Final essay coming up next week!  Community corrections = lots of options  Probation – a suspended jail/prison sentence  Parole – release after time in prison  Each has conditions that must be met  Advantages & disadvantages of both  Intermediate sanctions = alternative sentences  Reentry issues need to be addressed by CJ system  Be careful of the pictures you post on Facebook! 30 Summary!

31. Email: pdahl@kaplan.edu Phone: 303-279-4840 AIM: PatriciaDahl 31 Question & Answer Time!