1. Chapter 15 Document and Handwriting Analysis “The handwriting on the wall may be a forgery” —Ralph Hodgson, British poet

2. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company1 Document Analysis  That an expert analyst can individualize handwriting to a particular person.  What types of evidence are submitted to the document analyst.  Three types of forgery.  How to characterize different types of paper. Students will learn:

3. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company2 * Questioned Documents  Involves the examination of handwriting, ink, and paper.  Examples include letters, checks, licenses, contracts, wills, passports  Catch me if you can trailer 2:30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFj3OX VL_wQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFj3OX VL_wQ

4. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company3 Related Fields  Historical Dating—the verification of age and value of a document or object  Fraud Investigation—focuses on the money trail and criminal intent  Paper and Ink Specialists—date, type, source, and/or catalogue various types of paper, watermarks, ink, printing/copy/fax machines, computer cartridges  Forgery Specialists—analyze altered, obliterated, changed, or doctored documents and photos  Typewriting Analysts—determine origin, make, and models  Computer Crime Investigators—investigate cybercrime

5. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company4 *Handwriting Handwriting analysis involves two phases:  The hardware—ink, paper, pens, pencils, typewriter, printers  Visual examination of the writing

6. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company5 *How to obtain Handwriting Samples  The subject should not be shown the questioned document  The subject is not told how to spell words or use punctuation  The subject should use materials similar to those of the document  The dictated text should match some parts of the document  The subject should be asked to sign the text  Always have a witness

7. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company6 Methods of signatuire Forgery  Simulated forgery—one made by copying a genuine signature  Traced forgery—one made by tracing a genuine signature  Blind forgery—made without a model of the signature

8. Chapter 15 )Lab: Handwriting analysis-Activity 1 )Video: how to forge a signature 1:00 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsamDJcyX7 w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsamDJcyX7 w )Rolling stones signatures: 2:30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54maE6chQD 0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54maE6chQD 0 )Don’t forge video 2:30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q- vIN3VRZDM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q- vIN3VRZDM Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company7

9. Chapter 15 )Google handwriting analysis video Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company8

10. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company9 *Types of Forgery  Check Fraud  Paper Money  Identity  Social Security  Driver’s license  Credit Cards  Theft of card or number  Art—imitation with intent to deceive  Contracts—alterations of contracts, medical records

11. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company10 *Detecting forgery  Forgery can be detected by:  Microscopic examination  UV or infrared (IR) light  Digital image processing  Indentations can be detected by:  Oblique lighting  Electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA)

12. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company11 Famous Forgers and Forgeries  Hitler diaries 2 min http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/1983-hitler-diary- hoax-13537314 http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/1983-hitler-diary- hoax-13537314  List of famous forgeries http://www.google.com/#safe=active&tbm=vid&q=famous +written+forgeries http://www.google.com/#safe=active&tbm=vid&q=famous +written+forgeries

13. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company12 *Evidence  Class characteristics may include general types of pens, pencils or paper.  Individual characteristics may include unique, individual handwriting characteristics; trash marks from copiers, or printer serial numbers.

14. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company13 *Paper Chromatography of Ink Two samples of black ink from two different manufacturers have been characterized using paper chromatography.

15. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company14 Paper Differences  Raw material  Weight  Density  Thickness  Color  Watermarks  Age  Fluorescence

16. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company15 *Forensic Linguist  Experts that look at the linguistic content (the way something is written) of a questioned document.  Language that is used can help to establish the writer’s age, gender, ethnicity, level of education, professional training, and ideology.

17. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company16 Counterfeiting In 1996 the government starting adding new security features to our paper money due to the advanced copying technologies that have raised the incidences of counterfeiting. The $20 bill entered circulation on October of 2003, followed by the $50 in September of 2004, and then the $10 in September of 2005. Subtle background colors have been added along with other features to discourage counterfeiting.

18. Chapter 15 Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company17 More about Document Analysis For additional information about document and handwriting analysis, check out Court TV’s Crime Library at: lwww.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/forensics/literary/1.htm Or forgery cases at: www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/scams/lincoln_forgers/index.html