1. Fuzzy Measures and Integrals 1. Fuzzy Measure 2. Belief and Plausibility Measure 3. Possibility and Necessity Measure 4. Sugeno Measure 5. Fuzzy Integrals

2. Fuzzy Measures Fuzzy Set versus Fuzzy Measure Fuzzy SetFuzzy Measure Underlying Set Vague boundaryCrisp boundary Vague boundary: Probability of fuzzy set RepresentationMembership value of an element in A Degree of evidence or belief of an element that belongs to A in X ExampleSet of large numberDegree of Evidence or Belief of an object that is tree

3. Uncertainty vagueness: fuzzy sets ambiguity: fuzzy measures Vagueness: associated with the difficulty of making sharp or precise distinctions in the world. Ambiguity: associated with one-to-many relations, i.e. difficult to make a choice between two or more alternatives. Types of Uncertainty

4. Fuzzy Measure vs. Fuzzy Set Ex) Criminal trial: The jury members are uncertain about the guilt or innocence of the defendant. –Two crisp set: 1) the set of people who are guilty of the crime 2) the set of innocent people –The concern: - Not with the degree to which the defendant is guilty. - The degree to which the evidence proves his/her membership in either he crisp set of guilty people or in the crisp set of innocent people. - Our evidence is rarely, if ever, perfect, and some uncertainty usually prevails. –Fuzzy measure: to represent this type of uncertainty - Assign a value to each possible crisp set to which the element in question might belong, signifying the degree of evidence or belief that a particular element belongs in the set. - The degree of evidence, or certainty of the element’s membership in the set

5. Fuzzy Measure Axiomatic Definition of Fuzzy Measure Note:

6. Note that where P(X) is a power set of X.

7. Belief and Plausibility Measure Belief Measure Note: Interpretation : Degree of evidence or certainty factor of an element in X that belongs to the crisp set A, a particular question. Some of answers are correct, but we don’t know because of the lack of evidence.

8. Belief and Plausibility Measure Properties of Belief Measure Vacuous Belief: (Total Ignorance, No Evidence)

9. Belief and Plausibility Measure Plausibility Measure Other Definition Properties of Plausibility Measure

10. How to calculate Belief Basic Probability Assignment (BPA) Note

11. How to calculate Belief Calculation of Bel and Pl Simple Support Function is a BPA such that Bel from such Simple Support Function

12. How to calculate Belief Bel from total ignorance Body of Evidence

13. Ex) Let the universal set X denote the set of all possible diseases P: pneumonia, B: bronchitis, E: emphysema 기관지염 기종 mBel P0.05 B00 E P U B0.150.2 P U E0.10.2 B U E0.050.1 P U B U E0.61 where B: all the possible subset of A

14. Robot Intelligence Technology Lab.

15. Given Bel(·), find m(·) where |A-B| is the size of (A-B), size: cardinality of crisp set (A-B) Ex)

16. How to calculate Belief Dempster’s rule to combine two bodies of evidence Example: Homogeneous Evidence AX A X

17. How to calculate Belief Example: Heterogeneous Evidence AX B X

18. How to calculate Belief Example: Heterogeneous Evidence

19. Joint and Marginal BoE Marginal BPA Example 7.2

20. Possibility and Necessity Measure Consonant Bel and Pl Measure

21. Possibility and Necessity Measure Necessity and Possibility Measure –Consonant Body of Evidence Belief Measure -> Necessity Measure Plausibility Measure -> Possibility Measure –Extreme case of fuzzy measure –Note:

22. Possibility and Necessity Measure Possibility Distribution

23. Possibility and Necessity Measure Basic Distribution and Possibility Distribution Ex.

24. Fuzzy Set and Possibility Interpretation –Degree of Compatibility of v with the concept F –Degree of Possibility when V=v of the proposition p: V is F Possibility Measure Example

25. Summary Fuzzy Measure Plausibility Measure Belief Measure Probability Measure Possibility Measure Necessity Measure

26. Sugeno Fuzzy Measure Sugeno’s g-lamda measure Note:

27. Sugeno Fuzzy Measure Fuzzy Density Function

28. Sugeno Fuzzy Measure How to construct Sugeno measure from fuzzy density

29. Fuzzy Integral Sugeno Integral

30. Fuzzy Integral Algorithm of Sugeno Integral

31. Fuzzy Integral Choquet Integral Interpretation of Fuzzy Integrals in Multi-criteria Decision Making

32. : evaluation value of attribute of the jth house, where Then, let the fuzzy measure: where g: degree of consideration (importance) of attributes in the evaluation process. Ex) Evaluation of the desirability of houses Let, where = price, = size, = facilities, =location and = living environment, and evaluation function: where m: # of houses, and

33. The desirability of the jth houses: General linear evaluation model: - Performs well only when the attributes of evaluation are independent and the measures of evaluation are independent.

34. - Practically, price ( ) and size ( ) are not independent. - Even if and are independent, the degree of consideration might not be independent, i.e., Additivity might not be true for measures. - F.I. Models are more general than the linear models. - Problem about Fuzzy Integral Evaluation Model ① How to find out the necessary attributes for evaluation. ② How to identify the fuzzy measure.