1. The Five Canons of Rhetoric 1.Invention: Brainstorm/Pre-write 2.Arrangement: Particular order, a set pattern. 3.Style: Grammatically correct, clear and appropriate for their subject and audience. 4.Examples: Every anecdote/fact/allusion comes from memory, or that which you have learned. 5.Delivery: Essay (non-negotiable)

2. The Open Prompt: Rogerian Argument Introduce the Issue Summary of Opposing View Statement of Understanding and Exploration of Common Ground Establish Position with Contexts and Conditions Statement of Context Statement of Benefits and Conclusion

3. Introduce the Issue Presenting your issue as objectively and fairly as possible –Providing any necessary background, definition or history –Avoid inflammatory or judgmental terms

4. Summary of Opposing Views Acknowledging the opposition –Gives value –Shows neither side is 100% correct (similar to a concession- Toulmin)

5. Statement of Understanding and Exploration of Common Ground Begin by assuming your reader disagrees Perhaps try restating points of view to focus on the similarities State the opposing points of view fairly and objectively: respect!

6. Establish Position with Contexts and Conditions In the body the writer gives an objective statement about their position –Avoid loaded/aggressive language Explain the contexts where your position is valid, and explores how it differs from the opposition –Gun registration example

7. Statement of Context Similar to the statement of understanding in which you describe situations in which you would share the oppositions point of view

8. Statement of Benefits and Conclusion You finally present your thesis! Phrased in a way that shows your reader that you’ve made some concessions toward the oppositional position –As you concede, it invites the audience to concede as well Can ask yourself if you’ve offered a solution that encourages cooperation and compromise