1. Problem Solving Behavior  Designer’s problem solving styles –Introvert Reflective, quiet, thinks and speaks, likes to have time alone to solve problems - Has difficulty thinking while under pressure. Must be encouraged to speak in teams.

2. Problem Solving Behavior  Designer’s problem solving styles –Extrovert Speaks before thinking, does not listen, sociable 75% of people, 48% of engineering students Must be encouraged to listen in teams

3. Problem Solving Behavior  Fact-oriented people –Literal, practical, realistic, deal with detail, sometimes lose the big picture –75% of Americans, 66% of top executives, 34% of engineering students –Must be encouraged to see the big picture, plan ahead, set goals

4. Problem Solving Behavior  Possibility-oriented people –Generate ideas, don’t like to work on details, are not specific, do not stick to one issue –Must be encouraged to work on details once decisions are made and let go of new idea generation

5. Problem Solving Behavior  Objective approach –Logical, data-based, analytical decision makers. –51% of American, 68% of engineering students, 95% of top executives. –Must be encouraged to pay attention to gut feelings of other team members - feelings are often right and must be explored.

6. Problem Solving Behavior  Subjective approach –Makes decisions based on gut feeling –Must be reassured that their contribution is appreciated. –Must be reassured that discussions about ideas are not personal attacks

7. Problem Solving Behavior  Decisive decision maker –Makes decisions without stress. Jumps to conclusion quickly without thinking through –Must be encouraged to express their decision making process. Let them organize data collection and review –50% of Americans, 64% of engineering students, and 88% of top executives.

8. Problem Solving Behavior  Flexible decision makers –Finds sticking with decisions difficult, procrastinates, goes with the flow –Must be encouraged to decide and live with it. Must be given time and deadline to decide. Must be helped by decisive decision makers

9. Creative Designers  Creative solution –A solution that solves the problem and is original

10. Creative Designers  Creativity and other attributes –Design-ability and intelligence No relationship –Design-ability and visualization ability Creative designers show high degree of ability to easily manipulate images in their minds.

11. Creative Designers  Creativity and other attributes –Design-ability and knowledge To be creative in a specific domain, one must be knowledgeable in that domain. Otherwise ideas can not be adequately evaluated. –Design-ability and risk taking Better designs may be a result of seemingly unworkable ideas. Take risk, experiment, explore, persist.

12. Creativity  Design-ability and conformity –Obstructive non-conformist: “It will not work” –Constructive non-conformist: “Here is a better idea”  Design-ability and technique –Good technique means seeking other alternatives and not giving up easily  Design-ability and environment –How many truly creative designs have been accidentally discovered?