1. “Response Tools for Genocide and Mass Atrocity Prevention” Mr. Tibi Galis, Executive Director of AIPR June 2013

2. Learning Objectives Understand the… –(1) diplomatic, economic, legal, and military tools available to help halt and reverse escalating threats of genocide and mass atrocities; –(2) clear benefits of early preventive action over more costly remedial efforts; –(3) importance of strategic planning, contingency preparations, realistic exercising, and learning from the past.

3. Spectrum of Influence for Response Tools

4. Target Groups for Response Tools

5. Response Tools for Genocide Prevention

6. Diplomatic Tools Cooperative Dialogue for Facilitation and Mediation Negotiation Support and Technical Assistance Fact-Finding and Observer Missions Recognition, Normalization, Membership, Favored Status, etc. Coercive Condemnation (Unilateral or Multilateral) Naming/Shaming Recalling or Expelling Diplomats Travel Bans Withdrawal of Mission Suspension or Expulsion from International Organization, Cultural or Sporting Boycotts

7. Economic Tools Cooperative Trade Incentives (Tariff Reductions, Direct Purchases, Favored Status, Subsidies, Import/Export Licenses, etc.) Investment Debt Relief Increased Aid Coercive Targeted or “Smart” Trade Sanctions Divestment Aid Reduction or Suspension Comprehensive or Selective Embargoes Seizure of Assets of Elites Responsible for Atrocities

8. Legal Tools Cooperative Fact-Finding Arbitration Amnesty Immunity Coercive Domestic Indictments Referral to International Courts

9. Military Tools (Overt/Covert) Cooperative Military Assistance or Intelligence Arms Supply Training Security Guarantees Information Operations Safe Havens Evacuation Coercive Withdrawal of Military Assistance Arms Embargoes Heightened Presence Jamming, Information Operations, Sabotage, Leadership Targeting No-Fly Zones Safe Havens Intervention

10. Lessons Learned Clear benefits of early preventive action over more costly remedial efforts. Importance of strategic planning, contingency preparations, realistic exercising, and learning from the past.