1. CYTOLOGY

2. What is the Cell Theory? Made of cells (smallest unit of structure. All of the life functions (smallest unit of function). All cells come from pre-existing cells.

3. Why is it only a Theory? What about the first cell? Mitochondria Chloroplasts Virus

4. How do we classify cells?

5. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic No nucleus Single circular chromosome Small No true organelles Simple Yes, has nucleus Many pairs of individual chromosomes Large Membrane bound organelles Complex

7. What are the life functions? GRRRNEST Growth Reproduction Respiration Respond to Stimuli Nutirition Excretion Synthesis Transport

8. How does a cell do these functions?

9. CELL ORGANELLES Organelles: mini “organs” inside a cell.

10. MAKING PROTEINS

11. How does a cell carry out life functions? Who controls all cell functions? What does DNA code to produce that actually carries out these functions?

12. Where is DNA located? Is DNA large or small? Can it leave the nucleus? NO! RNA will help it and carry its message to…..

13. So the DNA tells the ribosome which protein to make. In ALL cells!!!!!!!

15. Packaging Proteins

16. Proteins need to be packaged up. Bent into their 3D structure. Who does that? Do you know where ribosomes are located? Attached to what?

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum will package and ship to cell.

19. Making Energy

20. Cytoplasm/Cytosol Water fluid Site of all life functions

21. How does a cell get energy? Adenosine triphosphate: Energy storage molecule What is the ultimate source of energy for an ecosystem?

22. How does the energy get into an ecosystem? Autotrophs Photosynthesis

23. Which organelle is capable of doing photosynthesis? CHLOROPLAST Only in photosynthetic cells Contains chlorophyll

24. Chloroplast What molecule (specifically) does a chloroplast make? GLUCOSE

25. Chemosynthesis: chemoautotroph

27. Do some Bacteria do photosynthesis? Do Bacteria have chloroplast? So how do they do photosynthesis then?

28. Once the glucose is created by the chloroplast, how does it move through the rest of the ecosystem? Heterotrophic Consumers

29. Once consumed, how do you get the energy out of the food? RESPIRATION Breaking down glucose for ATP

30. Which organelle is responsible for doing aerobic respiration?

31. Why are there so many layers in a mitochondria? Increase Surface Area

32. Do Bacteria do respiration? Do Bacteria have mitochondria? So how do they do respiration then?

34. How are materials transported throughout a cell? ER for within How do molecules get into a cell?

35. Transporting materials in and out. In ALL cells!

36. Only in Plants Made of cellulose Give plants their shape and structure

38. Golgi Bodies/Complex Transports and modifies chemical with in and OUT of the cell Removes waste

40. Lysosomes Strong digestive enzyme storage Enzymes made by Golgi HETEROTROPHIC Ex. Digests tail of tadpole

41. Vacuoles Plant: Water vacuole – store water Animal: Food vacuole – stores food »Contractile Vacuole – pumps out excess water

42. BACTERIAL CELLS

44. PLANTS

45. ANIMALS

46. Fungal

47. Who am I?