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AP Biology 2007-2008 Tour of the Cell 1
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AP Biology Cells: Introduction to cells- great video 2:55 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuE o2ccTPA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuE o2ccTPA
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AP Biology Prokaryote bacteria cells Types of cells Eukaryote animal cells -no membrane bound organelles - Membrane bound organelles Eukaryote plant cells
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AP Biology Why organelles? Specialized structures specialized functions cilia or flagella for locomotion Containers partition cell into compartments create different local environments separate pH, or concentration of materials distinct & incompatible functions lysosome & its digestive enzymes Membranes as sites for chemical reactions unique combinations of lipids & proteins embedded enzymes & reaction centers chloroplasts & mitochondria mitochondria chloroplast Golgi ER
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AP Biology Cells gotta work to live! What jobs do cells have to do? make proteins proteins control every cell function make energy for daily life for growth make more cells growth repair renewal
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AP Biology 2007-2008 Building Proteins
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AP Biology Proteins do all the work! cells DNA proteins organism Repeat after me… Proteins do all the work!
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AP Biology Cells functions Building proteins read DNA instructions build proteins process proteins folding modifying removing amino acids adding other molecules e.g, making glycoproteins for cell membrane address & transport proteins
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AP Biology Building Proteins Organelles involved nucleus ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus vesicles nucleusribosomeER Golgi apparatus vesicles The Protein Assembly Line
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AP Biology nuclear pores nuclear pore nuclear envelope nucleolus histone protein chromosome DNA Function protects DNA Structure nuclear envelope double membrane membrane fused in spots to create pores allows large macromolecules to pass through Nucleus What kind of molecules need to pass through?
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AP Biology DNA Nucleus mRNA nuclear membrane small ribosomal subunit large ribosomal subunit cytoplasm mRNA nuclear pore production of mRNA from DNA in nucleus mRNA travels from nucleus to ribosome in cytoplasm through nuclear pore 1 2
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AP Biology
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Nucleolus Function ribosome production build ribosome subunits from rRNA & proteins exit through nuclear pores to cytoplasm & combine to form functional ribosomes small subunit large subunit ribosome rRNA & proteins nucleolus
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AP Biology small subunit large subunit Ribosomes Function protein production Structure rRNA & protein 2 subunits combine 0.08 m Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER
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AP Biology Three-dimensional views of the ribosome, showing rRNA in dark blue (small subunit) and dark red (large subunit). Lighter colors represent ribosomal proteins.
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AP Biology membrane proteins Types of Ribosomes Free ribosomes suspended in cytosol synthesize proteins that function in cytosol Bound ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins for export or for membranes
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AP Biology Endoplasmic Reticulum Function processes proteins manufactures membranes synthesis & hydrolysis of many compounds Structure membrane connected to nuclear envelope & extends throughout cell
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AP Biology Types of ER roughsmooth
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AP Biology Smooth ER function Membrane production Many metabolic processes synthesis synthesize lipids oils, phospholipids, steroids & sex hormones hydrolysis hydrolyze glycogen into glucose in liver detoxify drugs & poisons in liver ex. alcohol & barbiturates
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AP Biology Membrane Factory Build new membrane synthesize phospholipids builds membranes ER membrane expands bud off & transfer to other parts of cell that need membranes
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AP Biology Rough ER function Produce proteins for export out of cell protein secreting cells packaged into transport vesicles for export Which cells have lot of rough ER?
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AP Biology Synthesizing proteins cytoplasm cisternal space mRNA ribosome membrane of endoplasmic reticulum polypeptide signal sequence ribosome
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AP Biology Golgi Apparatus Which cells have lots of Golgi? transport vesicles secretory vesicles Function finishes, sorts, tags & ships cell products like “UPS shipping department” ships products in vesicles membrane sacs “UPS trucks”
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AP Biology Golgi Apparatus
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AP Biology Vesicle transport vesicle budding from rough ER fusion of vesicle with Golgi apparatus migrating transport vesicle protein ribosome
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AP Biology Endomembrane system animation http://www.goldiesroom.org/Shockwave _Pages/011--Golgi%20Complex.htm http://www.goldiesroom.org/Shockwave _Pages/011--Golgi%20Complex.htm
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Regents Biology DNA RNA ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle protein on its way! protein finished protein Making Proteins TO: nucleus
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AP Biology proteins transport vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle smooth ER rough ER nuclear pore nucleus ribosome cell membrane protein secreted cytoplasm Making proteins Putting it together…
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AP Biology
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http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/06/science/06cell.html http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/06/science/06cell.html lysosome article- 2 pages Summarize and reflect Organelles 3D- structures to music only http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1dp7tSC3Wg Cellular world Cells- introduction/review- 4min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u54bRpbSOgs
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AP Biology 2007-2008 Any Questions!!
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