1. The Cell The 3 Principles of Cell Theory:
The cell is the basic unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells (mitosis, meiosis, fertilization)
All organisms are made of one or more cells

2. The scale
Of Things!

3. What are cells so small?

4. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Primitive modern
Simple complex
DNA is in nucleiod region DNA is in nucleus
No membrane bound membrane bound
organelles organelles
Smaller (1-3 µm Ave.) Larger (10-30 µm)
Bacteria, Archae Protists, Fungi, Plants
Animals

5. Prokaryotic Cell

6. Eukaryotic Cell

7. Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Central Vacuole
Plant Cell

8. Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
Centrioles
Cilia and Flagella
More Lysosomes
Animal Cell

9. Organelles: The Nucleus
Controls cell activities
Contains the DNA
(DNA = hereditary
material)
Parts:
Nuclear envelope
Pores
Nucleolus (RNA)

10. Organelles: Ribosomes
Ribosomes = site of protein synthesis
(can be free floating or attached to ER)

11. Organelles: ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Rough ER = has ribosomes
Smooth ER = no ribosomes
So difference in function?
Rough has protein synthesis
occur on it and smooth does not
Form channels of membrane
for transport of materials in cell

12. Organelles: Golgi Apparatus
Sorts and packages materials

13. Endomembrane System

14. Organelles: Lysosomes
Contain hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes
Breakdown worn out parts of the cell

16. Organelles: Mitochondria (powerhouse)
Function: Cellular Respiration releases energy for the cell to use
Parts:
Outer membrane
Inner Membrane
Cristae
Matrix

17. Organelles: Chloroplast (plastid)
Function: produce and store food
Parts:
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Grana
Stroma

18. Chloroplast and Mitochondria
Semi-autonomous organelles
Both have double membranes
Both have their own DNA
Both make some of their own proteins
Cells on their own at one time??

19. Organelles: Vacuoles Animals: small vacuoles Plants: central vacuole
Stores toxins
Water regulation
Lysosomal
function
Outside
membrane=
tonoplast

20. Microbodies: convert harmful substances
into useful ones i.e. peroxisome
2H2O2  2H2O + 2O2
Peroxisome converts
hydrogen peroxide to
water and oxygen

21. Cytoskeleton: movement of organelles, shape and support
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

22. Organelles: Cilia and Flagella

23. Structure of cilia and flagella
(9 + 2 arrangement)

24. Cell to Cell Junctions: Plants-Plasmodesmata

25. Cell to Cell Junctions: Animal Cells
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Tight Junctions

26. Cell Membrane: Fluid-Mosaic Model

27. Cell Membrane: made of phospholipids and proteins