2. Cell Structure and Function

3. Essential Knowledge 2B3 – Eukaryotic cells maintain internal membranes that partition the cell into specialized regions. 4A2 – The structure and function of subcellular components, and their interactions, provide essential cellular processes. 4B1 – Interactions between molecules affect their structure and function. 4B2 – Cooperative interactions within organisms promote efficiency in the use of energy and matter.

4. Cell Theory 1.Every living organism consists of one or more cells. 2.The cell is the structural and functional unit of all organisms. 3.All living cells arise by division of preexisting cells. 4.Cells contain heredity material, which they pass to their offspring during division.

5. Prokaryote bacteria cells Types of cells Eukaryote animal cells Eukaryote plant cells

6. Differences? Identify at least 3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

7. Cell Size We already decided that a smaller cell is more efficient. Why are eukaryotic cells successful despite their significantly larger size?

8. Why organelles? What is an evolutionary advantage to having organelles?

9. What do cells do? It depends on the cell, but some important functions are: They make proteins!! They convert energy They divide

10. Structure and Function? We often learn the functions of all the organelles. How are they related?

11. The parts of the cell must work together Making proteins: Nucleus, ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cytoskeleton Converting energy: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, chloroplasts Dividing: Nucleus, centrioles

12. Cells gotta work to live! What jobs do cells have to do? make proteins proteins control every cell function make energy for daily life for growth make more cells growth repair renewal

13. Who makes the proteins? nucleusribosomeER Golgi apparatus vesicles The Protein Assembly Line

14. nuclear pores nuclear pore nuclear envelope nucleolus histone protein chromosome DNA Nucleus Function? Structure?

15. DNA Nucleus mRNA nuclear membrane small ribosomal subunit large ribosomal subunit cytoplasm mRNA nuclear pore production of mRNA from DNA in nucleus mRNA travels from nucleus to ribosome in cytoplasm through nuclear pore 1 2

17. Nucleolus Function ribosome production build ribosome subunits from rRNA & proteins exit through nuclear pores to cytoplasm & combine to form functional ribosomes small subunit large subunit ribosome rRNA & proteins nucleolus

18. small subunit large subunit Ribosomes 0.08  m Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER

19. Structure function?

22. membrane proteins Types of Ribosomes Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum How is the structure of the ER related to its function?

24. Types of ER roughsmooth

25. Smooth ER function Membrane production Many metabolic processes synthesis synthesize lipids oils, phospholipids, steroids & sex hormones hydrolysis hydrolyze glycogen into glucose in liver detoxify drugs & poisons in liver ex. alcohol & barbiturates

26. Synthesizing proteins cytoplasm cisternal space mRNA ribosome membrane of endoplasmic reticulum polypeptide signal sequence ribosome

27. Golgi Apparatus Structure and function? transport vesicles secretory vesicles

28. Golgi Apparatus

29. Vesicle transport vesicle budding from rough ER fusion of vesicle with Golgi apparatus migrating transport vesicle protein ribosome

30. DNA RNA ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle protein on its way! protein finished protein Making Proteins TO: nucleus

31. proteins transport vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle smooth ER rough ER nuclear pore nucleus ribosome cell membrane protein secreted cytoplasm Making proteins Putting it together…

32. Cell Membrane Structure Fluid Mosaic Model How does this contribute to its function?

33. Modeling Diagram the cell membrane. Label the following parts: lipid bilayer, integral proteins, peripheral proteins, cholesterol, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, glycoproteins, glycolipids. Explain the function of each part of the cell membrane in contributing to the functioning of the cell.

34. Vacuole

35. Lysosome Lysosomes maintain a pH of 5.0 and contain 40 different enzymes. Structure/Function?

36. Mitochondria

37. Chloroplast

38. Cell Wall

39. How does the structure of the cytoskeleton contribute to its function?

40. Cytoplasm

41. Centrioles

42. Cilia & Flagella

43. Not all cells are built the same way… The structure of a cell dictates the function!

44. Why?!?!? Muscle cells are packed with mitochondria and protein fibers (actin & myosin) Fat cells contain globular structures filled with fatty acids Leaf cells are packed with chloroplasts Potato cells are packed with large vacuoles