1. ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION

2. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

3. Count Camillo Cavour Prime Minister of Sardinia
Recognized that economic and military strength was the key to unification
Helps England and France in the Crimean War against Russia in 1855

4. Alliance With Napoleon III
In Exchange for Sardinia’s help, Napoleon III agrees to help Sardinia in the event of war with Austria
Cavour goes to war with Austria and Lombardy and other provinces join Sardinia
Northern Italy is now unified

5. Guiseppe Garibaldi Leader of the Red Shirts
Worked to free Sicily from Bourbon control
Liberates Sicily, marches into Southern mainland
Unites with Cavour to unify most of Italy-1861

6. Unified Italy Victor Emmanuel made King of Italy in 1861
Unification has challenges- Northern Italy much wealthier and developed than the South
Government is a right-wing Constitutional monarchy

7. GERMAN CONFEDERATION BEFORE UNIFICATION

8. Bismarck and German Unification
“The great questions of the day….(will be) settled by blood and iron”
“It is the destiny of the weak to be devoured by the strong”
Bismarck will unite Germany under Prussian leadership

9. Schleswig and Holstein
2 provinces seized from Denmark in 1864
War is won with the help of Austria
1866- Bismarck uses these lands as an excuse to go to war with Austria

10. War With Austria 1866- Bismarck attacks Austria
War lasts just 7 weeks- decisive Prussian victory
Austrian-led German confederation ends- new German confederation is created
Bismarck allows Austria to keep their independence to “avoid leaving behind any desire for revenge”

11. Franco-Prussian War
Dispute over Spanish throne leads to conflict with France
Bismarck manipulates the dispute into an excuse for war with France
Another quick, decisive, German victory
France forced to cede territory to Germany- they did seek revenge for this

12. Unified Germany Prussian King William I crowned as German Kaiser
Germany embarks on program of industrial and military development
An autocratic, undemocratic government is set up

13. Results of German Unification
Balance of power shifts quickly in Europe
Germany is now the major power on the continent
They soon overtake Britain as an industrial power
Kaiser William II succeeds his father, dumps Bismarck and begins imperialistic program- trouble for Europe….