1. The Unification of Italy Background 1800-1815

2. Italy 1800 – A ‘geographical expression’ (Metternich) Italian States were divided Linguistically Culturally Politically Geographically

3. The States of the Peninsula Sardinia-Piedmont – ruled by House of Savoy Had good army & effective civil service Only independent ‘Italian’ state Lombardy - wealthy province under direct Austrian control Venetia – formerly powerful Republic – wealthy area

4. The States of the Peninsula Central Duchies – Modena, Parma, & Tuscany – all connected to the Hapsburg family Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies (Naples) – ruled by the Bourbon family Very poor area Bourbons were absolute rulers

5. The States of the Peninsula The Papal States – Romagna, Marches, and Umbria Ruled by a theocracy Rule was autocratic, backward, rigid Papacy relied on support from Austrian Empire

6. Italy and the Settlement of 1815 Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies- Bourbons restored Piedmont – a ‘buffer state’ Lombardy & Venetia to Austria The 3 Duchies – connection with Hapsburg Monarchy Papal States – Pope restored to full power Question – Who was the dominant force after 1815?

7. Key words & people Risorgimento Code Napoleon Carbonari Metternich Liberals Development of a national identity among Italians French legal system which abolished feudalism & introduced legal equality Revolutionary group Austrian chancellor – opposed to liberalism & nationalism Believed that a parliament defended the interests of the people