3. Count Cavour [The “Head”] Giuseppi Garibaldi [The “Sword”] King Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppi Mazzini [The “Heart”] Italian Nationalist Leaders

4. 1815: Kingdom of Sardinia- Piedmont is created after the defeat of Napoleon

5. Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet” Italian unification movement:

6. 1831: Mazzini establishes “Young Italy” group of nationalists hoping to unite the region

7. Carbonari Insurrections: Committed to establishing a united Italian republic. Became the Young Italian Society in 1831 and provoked nationalist uprisings throughout Italy in 1848.

8. 1849: Mazzini helps set up a revolutionary republic in Rome

9. 1852: Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia-Piedmont names Count Camillo Cavour prime minister

10. 1855: Sardinia joins Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia

11. Sardinia Sends Troops to the Crimea Sardinia gains no territory, but establishes diplomatic relations with France

12. The Crimean War [1854-1856]

13. Cavour & Napoleon III Meet at Plombières, 1858 A secret alliance is formed between Sardinia and France against Austria.

14. 1859: Through Cavour, Sardinia defeats Austria with France’s assistance. Annexes the region of Lombardy. Nationalist groups overthrow Austrian-backed rulers in northern Italian states.

15. Austro-Sardinian War, 1859

16. 1860: Garibaldi and his “Red Shirts” capture Sicily and Naples in southern Italy. He gives over both regions to Victor Emmanuel.

17. Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour

18. 1861: Victor Emmanuel II is crowned king of Italy. Cavour dies.

19. 1866: After war against Austria, Venetia is added to Italy with Germany’s assistance.

20. Austro-Prussian War, 1866 Austria loses control of Venetia. Venetia is annexed to Italy.

21. 1870: France is forced to withdraw its troops from Rome to fight the Franco- Prussian War. Italy is united.

22. French Troops Leave Rome, 1870 Italy is united!

23. A Unified Peninsula! A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.

24. The Kingdom of Italy: 1871

25. Differing Nationalities in the Austrian Empire