1. Chemistry of Life Chapter 6 page 141

2. Elements Everything on earth is made of elements –Rock –Flower –Water –Etc Definition –A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances

3. Elements in a human Only 4 of the 90 naturally occurring elements make up more than 96% of the mass of a human –O –C –H –N

4. Elements in the Human Body (percent by mass)

5. Atoms Definition –Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element Thus… –Building blocks of elements

6. Structure of Atoms Nucleus –Contains: Protons positively charged Neutrons no charge Energy Levels –Contain: Electrons negatively charged

7. Energy Levels Page 143 –Electrons travel around nucleus in energy levels 1 st level can hold 2 electrons 2 nd level can hold 8 electrons 3 rd level can hold 18 electrons

8. Oxygen 8 electrons 8 protons 8 neutrons –Draw an example of an oxygen atom

9. What is a compound? Water is not an element (H20) It’s a compound –Substance that is composed of two or more different elements

10. ElementAtomic NumberMass NumberChargeProtonsNeutronsElectrons C 6 120666 K 19390192019 H 110101 Na 1123+1111210 Cl N

11. SubstanceBenedicts TestIodine TestType of Saccharide Starch -+Poly Dextrose +-Mono Apple Potato Karo Syrup 7 - Up Table Sugar- -Di Lactose Glucose

12. Organic Compound Elements in CompoundFunctionExamples Lipids p. 160 C:H:O Glycerol Molecule and Fatty Acid Tails Energy Storage, Protection, Insulation Fats, Steroids, Waxes, Oils Proteins p. 160-161 C:H:O:N and Sulfur Amino Acids Structure, Support, and Facilitate Chemical Reactions Muscle Tissue, Enzymes Carbohydrates p. 158 - 159 C:H:O 1:2:1 ratio C 6 H 12 O 6 Energy for Cell Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides (3) 1.Glycogen 2.Starch 3.Cellulose Nucleic Acids p. 163 C:H:O:N:P Phosphate Group, Sugar, Nitrogen Base Store Genetic InformationDNA and RNA

13. Isomers – Compounds with the same formula but different structures:

14. Isotopes – Atoms of the same element with different #’s of neutrons C-12 –Has 6 protons and 6 neutrons C-13 –Has 6 protons and 7 neutrons C – 14 –Has 6 protons and 8 neutrons Are C-13 and C-14 equal?

15. Reactants vs. Products C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 6 H 12 O 6 C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O 2 H 2 O 2 2 H 2 O + O 2

16. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

17. Covalent Bonding Sharing Electrons

18. Ionic Bonding Bond formed when electrons are transferred

20. Catalyst –Speeds up chemical reactions Enzymes are catalysts

21. Acids have sour taste and are corrosive Bases have a slippery feeling and a bitter taste

22. Chemical Reactions Bonds between atoms are formed or broken