1. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum in C21 science courses Peter Campbell Nuffield Curriculum Centre

2. 2 C21 courses for 2006 Entry levelGCSE Science GCSE Additional Science GCSE Additional Applied Science GCSE Biology GCSE Chemistry GCSE Physics or Single Award Full range GCSE F and H tiers Single Awards Full range GCSEs F and H tiers Single Awards Full range GCSEs F and H tiers For all studentsFor most studentsFor some students OCR’s Entry Level Course feeds into GCSE Science

3. 3 GCSE Science for citizens & future scientists Radiation and life module map  the story: from personal to societal decisions, national and international  related – ideas about science – science explanations  links to modules in other courses

4. 4 Radiation & life: the big picture Science explanations  Electromagnetic spectrum - in terms of photon energies  Radiation model: source, journey + detector Ideas about science  Language of risks and benefits  Correlation or cause: evaluating health studies based on sample populations

5. 5 Radiation models Textbook section B (science explanations) – source-radiation-detector – radiation transfers energy: ray, wave or particle – absorbing electromagnetic radiation – ionizing and non-ionizing radiation Activity AP2.6 Radiation journeys (circus of experiments)

6. 6 Is there a health risk? Textbook section D (ideas about science)  How would you know if there were health risks associated with using mobiles? Health surveys: sample size and matching populations  Precautionary principle: UK government recommends children under 8 years avoid using mobile phones. Activity AP2.15 A safe place to live? Activity AP2.16 Microwave radiation near phone masts

7. 7 GCSE Additional Science for future scientists The wave model of radiation  Wave equation c = f  Wave path: refraction, diffraction, interference Activity: Ripple tank experiments

8. 8 GCSE Physics: P7 Observing the Universe  Black body radiation  Line spectra  Life cycle of stars, explained by fusion