1. B2 K EEPING H EALTHY Lesson 3: Vaccination

2. O BJECTIVES MUST describe how vaccinations keep us healthy SHOULD explain why it is important for society that children are vaccinated

3. K EY W ORDS You need to be able to define the following: Antigen Memory cell Vaccine Vaccination

4. T EXTBOOK A NSWERS 1)It produces very large numbers of antibodies that are specific to an antigen on the surface of a pathogen that has invaded the body before. In this way the memory cells enable the body to mount a very quick response to the ‘known’ pathogen. 2)They introduce a small amount of inactive pathogen into the body so that the body can create antibodies to it. Memory cells remember the pathogen so that many antibodies can be produced rapidly if the pathogen is encountered again. 3) A baby’s immune system has not fully developed and the vaccinations protect him or her from childhood diseases.

5. T EXTBOOK A NSWERS 4)So that the person who is vaccinated does not become ill. 5)Any reasonable answer: adverse reactions to vaccinations; safety of vaccination compared to mortality of the disease; effectiveness of vaccine etc. 6)To include: safety and effectiveness of vaccine; particularly if not breastfed, a baby’s immune system is very immature; some diseases that vaccinations protect against can be fatal.