1. A Diverse group of Hydrophobic Molecules
LIPIDS
A Diverse group of Hydrophobic Molecules

2. Fats and Oils
Lipids
Are the one class of large biological molecules –MACROMOLECULES, that do not consist of polymers (no they are not polymers)
All types of Lipids share the common trait of being hydrophobic

3. HYDROPHOBIC? WATER FEARING Yes! Lipids are afraid of water
They are a nonpolar molecule that does not dissolve in water
They consist mostly of Hydrocarbons
Fatty Acid

4. TYPES OF LIPIDS
Triglycerides (FATS)
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes

5. TRIGLYCERIDE These are known as FATS and OILS
Lipids have a higher ratio of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms to Oxygen atoms than carbohydrates do
Because Lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram, they store more energy per gram.

6. STRUCTURE OF TRIGLYCERIDES
The building blocks of
triglycerides are
Glycerol and Fatty
Acids
Glycerol is a
three- carbon alcohol
with a hydroxyl
attached to each
Carbon

7. Fatty Acid
A fatty acid consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton, often 16 to 18 carbons long
FATTY ACID

8. STRUCTURE OF TRIGLYCERIDES
Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and three fatty acids

9. Saturated Fatty Acid
Saturated fatty acids contain all of the Hydrogens they can hold. There are no carbon to carbon double bonds in saturated fatty acids. All bonds are single bonds
They originate from animal sources and are solids at room temperature
Saturated fats are believed to cause blockage of arteries which can lead to strokes and heart attacks.

11. Unsaturated Fatty Acids
These do not bind the maximum amount of Hydrogen. Carbon atoms in the chain form one or more Double bonds.
Unsaturated fats originate from plants and are liquid at room temperature

12. TYPES OF UNSATURATED FATS
Monounsaturated – Fatty Acids with one double bond
Polyunsaturated – Fatty Acids with two or more double bonds
In a triglyceride if one or more fatty acids are unsaturated the fat is considered an unsaturated fat

14. FUNCTION OF FATS ENERGY STORAGE
A gram of fat stores twice as much energy as a polysacchride
Fat cushions organs
Fat acts as insulation

15. Phospholipids STRUCTURE 2 Fatty Acids Glycerol Phosphate group
(takes the third position)

17. Function-Major component of cell membrane

18. STEROIDS
STRUCTURE – Composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them

19. Cholesterol Function Component of cell membrane Used by nerve cells
Precurser from which all other steroids are formed.

20. Functions cont: boosting mental performance aiding digestion
building strong bones
building muscle
maintaining your energy, vitality, libido, and fertility
regulating your blood sugar
repairing damaged tissue
protecting against infectious diseases

21. Other Steroids
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone