1. LIPIDS AKA: FATS

2. LIPIDS- large nonpolar organic molecules 18%-25% of body weight fewer covalent bonds fat-marbled meats, egg yolks, milk, oils, waxes Most lipids are insoluble in water but dissolve in other lipids and alcohol, acetone (NONPOLAR)

3. Fatty Acids - unbranched C chains that make up most lipids long carbon chains with a carboxyl group at the end (COOH) carboxyl end is polar and thus hydrophilic -attracted to water hydrocarbon end is non-polar and thus hydrophobic - water fearing

4. Saturated fatty acid-a fatty acid where all the carbon to carbon bonds are single bonds Unsaturated fatty acid- there is at least on carbon to carbon double bond Higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms causes them to have more carbon to hydrogen bonds which store more energy….hence fats having a higher caloric value

6. NEUTRAL FATS (TRIGLYCERIDES) BUILDING BLOCKS 3 Fatty acids Glycerol most common in the body Concentrated sources of energy adipose tissue insulates and protects organs

9. SOLID: (animal fats) Saturated: carbons have single bonds

10. LIQUID: (plant oils) Unsaturated: carbons have double or triple bonds

12. PHOSPOLIPIDS Important in cell membranes – allows them to be selective POLAR HEAD – attracts and interacts with water and ions (hydrophilic) NONPOLAR TAILS- ‘hydrophobic’

14. Waxes- Composed of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain Wax can be found on the outside of plants to prevent water loss especially through leaves Can also be found in your ears where it prevents microorganisms from entering the ear canal

16. STEROIDS Four interlocking rings Structure differs from other fats Made largely of H and C atoms

18. CHOLESTEROL is most important molecule in steroids meat, eggs, cheese Certain amount made in liver Found in ALL cell membranes Provide rigidity Facilitates communication between cells

19. Particularly abundant in brain Used to form sex hormones, cortisol (stress hormone), bile salts, and vitamin D

20. ATHEROSCLEROSIS deposit of FAT in artery walls

23. ATERIOSCLEROSIS hardening of arteries

25. OLIVE ‘ OYL’ ‘POLLY’ UNSATURATED HOW DO WE MAINTAIN HOMEOSTATIS?

26. Omega-3 Fats (Fish, walnuts) safflower, corn, sunflower and soybean oils