1. South Dakota Forests

3. Forest Types Black Hills Flood Plain Forest Upland Forest Windbreaks and urban forests

4. South Dakota Forests 1. Black Hills Forest - Includes mostly ponderosa pine, aspen and spruce

5. Ponderosa Pine

6. Aspen

9. Spruce

12. South Dakota Forests 1. Black Hills Forest - Includes mostly ponderosa pine, aspen and spruce - Encompasses 1.3 million acres in the hills and outlying areas

14. Tunnel under bark of infected trees Mate and lay up to 75 eggs under bark Once hatched, larvae tunnel away from hatched site, feeding as they go Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic

15. First major outbreak in 1997 2006 – about 30% of the area infected – Estimated around 50% today – Estimated 370,000 acres of ponderosa pine have been affected in the last 10 years. (out of 1.5 million acres) Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic

17. Methods of control Prescribed burning of affected areas Thinning of forest and infected and threatened areas – Logging – Pile infected logs and burn or woodchip Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic

21. South Dakota Forests 2. Flood Plain Forest - Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries

22. American Elm

23. Green Ash

25. South Dakota Forests 2. Flood Plain Forest - Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries - Cottonwood trees along small rivers and streams

26. Cottonwood

29. South Dakota Forests 2. Flood Plain Forest - Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries - Cottonwood trees along small rivers and streams - Total 175,000 acres

30. South Dakota Forests 3. Upland forests - Eastern deciduous forest pockets... Newton Hills

33. South Dakota Forests 4. Windbreaks and Urban forests - Planted by settlers

36. Forest - Prairie Encroachment – Trees – Shrubs – Smooth Sumac