1. AMANDA PHILLIPS OCTOBER 28 TH, 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & NATURAL RESOURCES PERIOD 3 Japanese Black Pine Pinus thunbergiana

2. Background Information Common Name:  Japanese Black Pine Scientific Name:  Pinus thunbergiana Hardiness Zone:  5 – 9 Plant type:  Evergreen tree Geographical Origin:  Japan No flower Cones emerge in early May – Take 1 to 2 years to mature

3. Mature Just emerging Cones

4. Needles Live 3 to 4 years Dark green 2 needles per tuft 2 to 4 inches long New needles emerge and push the older ones back

5. Needles

6. Requirements Sun exposure:  Full sun Moisture requirements:  Moderate, but can also survive droughts Soil requirements:  Widely adaptable  Prefers well-drained

7. Height and Spread Mature:  Spread – 20 to 40 feet  Height – 50 to 70 feet, some dwarf versions that get as tall as they do wide  Dwarfs about 6 to 8 feet tall Can be used as a Bonsai Can be pruned to maintain a smaller size in the landscape

8. Resistance Extremely salt tolerant Resistant to the Pine Beetle and other common pine pests Can survive extreme heat and droughts Overall a tough tree

9. Delaware Uses Were planted in from Lewes south down to the Indian River inlet Currently trying to be eradicated  Invasive species  Threatens the other environments in Delaware

10. Pros Cons Can be easily transplanted Adaptable Tolerance:  Drought  Pollution  Salt Can be used as a Bonsai Can be used for:  Flavorings  Medicines  Thickeners for soups and breads Pests:  Pinewood Nematode  Blue stain fungus Doesn’t get tall – Not a good shade tree No year round interest – Green all year Invasive Summary

11. HTTP://WWW.EVERGREENPLANTNURSERY. COM/JAPANESE-BLACK-PINE- P/PINJAP1.HTM HTTP://WWW.EVERGREENPLANTNURSERY. COM/JAPANESE-BLACK-PINE- P/PINJAP1.HTM HTTP://WWW.NATUREHILLS.COM/JAPANE SE-BLACK-PINE HTTP://WWW.NATUREHILLS.COM/JAPANE SE-BLACK-PINE HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/PINUS_T HUNBERGIANA HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/PINUS_T HUNBERGIANA HTTP://PLANTS.CES.NCSU.EDU/PLANTS/AL L/PINUS-THUNBERGIANA/ HTTP://PLANTS.CES.NCSU.EDU/PLANTS/AL L/PINUS-THUNBERGIANA/ References