1. 3-3 Cycles of matter

2. Recycling in the Biosphere Unlike the one-way flow of energy, Unlike the one-way flow of energy, MATTER is recycled within and between ecosystems Biogeochemical cycles connect Biogeochemical cycles connect –Biology –geology –chemistry

3. Water cycle Water is essential to all life Water is essential to all life Fresh water from the oceans moves into the atmosphere by Fresh water from the oceans moves into the atmosphere by –Evaporationcondensation –Transpiration (leaves)precipitation

4. Nutrient cycles Chemicals needed by living things to build tissues, carry out essential life functions Chemicals needed by living things to build tissues, carry out essential life functions circulate through the ecosystem circulate through the ecosystem

5. Carbon cycle Carbon is essential to life Carbon is essential to life It moves out of the air into plants It moves out of the air into plants Returns with burning, decomposition, respiration Returns with burning, decomposition, respiration

6. Nitrogen cycle N in the ground is changed by soil bacteria N in the ground is changed by soil bacteria Taken up by plants Taken up by plants Animals eat their N Animals eat their N Decay, feces return N back to the soil Decay, feces return N back to the soil

7. Nitrogen Cycle Bacterial nitrogen fixation N 2 in Atmosphere NH 3 Synthetic fertilizer manufacturer Uptake by producers Reuse by consumers Decomposition excretion Atmospheric nitrogen fixation Uptake by producers Reuse by consumers Decomposition Decomposition excretion NO 3 and NO 2 Synthetic fertilizer manufacture

8. Phosphorus Cycle P is needed for DNA, RNA P is needed for DNA, RNA It is rare in the biosphere It is rare in the biosphere Most P is stored in rocks and ocean sediments Most P is stored in rocks and ocean sediments Ocean Land Organisms Sediments

9. Limiting nutrients If a nutrient is scarce, it will limit growth in an ecosystem If a nutrient is scarce, it will limit growth in an ecosystem Fertilizers supply N, P, Potassium as they are needed for growth Fertilizers supply N, P, Potassium as they are needed for growth TOO MUCH of a nutrient can upset the balance also: fertilizer runoff forms algal blooms in rivers and lakes TOO MUCH of a nutrient can upset the balance also: fertilizer runoff forms algal blooms in rivers and lakes