1. Plant Nutrition
AP Biology - LAHS

2. Nutrients Essential: required for the plant life cycle
Macro- (large amounts) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium
Micro- (small amounts; cofactors of enzyme action) chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel
Deficiency • chlorosis (lack of magnesium; chlorophyll production)

3. Soil Determines plant growth & variety (along with climate)
Composition/horizons:
Topsoil: rock particles, living organisms, humus-partially decayed organic material
Loams: equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay

4. Nitrogen Fixation Atmosphere, 80% N2
Plants need N2 to be converted to ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) and cannot do this themselves
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria help plants through a symbiotic relationship
Fertilizers added so plants can get more Nitrogen

5. Plant - Bacteria Symbiosis
Rhizobium bacteria: found in root nodules in the legume family
Mutualistic: legume receives fixed N2; bacteria receives carbohydrates & organic materials produced by plant

6. Plant-Bacteria Symbiosis

7. Plant-Fungus Symbiosis
Mycorrhizae (fungi): modified roots
Mutualistic: fungus receives sugar; plant receives increased root surface area and increased phosphate uptake
Two types:
Ectomycorrhizae:
ensheaths the root
Endomycorrhizae: (90% of plants)
through cell wall but not cell membrane

8. Plant Parasitism & Predation
Mistletoe (parasite)
Epiphytes
Carnivorous (insectivorous) plants

9. Youtube Videos
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