1. You will understand and comprehend the characteristics of bacteria
Micro-life: Bacteria
You will understand and comprehend the characteristics of bacteria

2. Bacteria Characteristics:
LIVING Single Celled organisms
Contain DNA and RNA genetic material
Most have a cell wall (protective layer)
May have a capsule around cell wall (most disease causing do)
Have small hair like extensions called Pilus (i)
May produce an ENDOSPORE when placed in unfavorable conditions

3. 3 Forms of Bacteria 3 basic forms Cocci- Round Bacillus- Rod Shaped
Spirilla- “Curly Fries”

4. Bacteria Needs and Reproduction
Bacteria need moisture, food source and warm in general to grow
Lungs, Mouth, and Nasal Passages are ideal growing places for bacteria
Body’s production of mucus with enzymes helps prevent bacteria from growing
Bacteria reproduce rapidly when needs are met

5. Bacteria Reproduction: 2 ways
Fission (asexual/cloning)- Bacteria simply makes duplicate copies if genes and divides. DNA is exact same for both parent and “daughter cell”
Fusion (sexual)- Bacteria exchanges genetic material with another bacterium. DNA is different than “Parent” bacterium.

6. 2 Types of Bacteria
Archaebacteria- “Extremeophiles” live in harsh environments, deep sea, deep underground, volcanic areas: DO NOT NEED OXYGEN TO SURVIVE: Autotrophs-make their own food (light)
Eubacteria- found commonly everywhere: Heterotrophs- need food source to live

7. Common Diseases from Bacteria
Anthrax, Botulism, Tetanus, Typhoid fever, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Pneumonia, Strep Throat

8. Medicines made by bacteria
Insulin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin and apramycin and antifungal medicines
Also being looked as possible source to fight cancer(?)
Foods made with bacteria aid, pickles, vinegar, yogurt, and cheese

9. BIG PROBLEM
Overuse of antibiotics has lead to “Super strains” of bacteria to “evolve”
Very hard to kill bacteria that cause MRSA or STAPH infection
MOST HOSIPTALS HAVE THESE SUPERSTRANDS within them!

10. - Bacteria
Population Explosion
Suppose a bacterium reproduces by binary fission every 20 minutes. The new cells survive and reproduce at the same rate. This graph shows how the bacterial population would grow from a single bacterium.

11. Population Explosion - Bacteria Reading Graphs:
What variable is being plotted on the horizontal axis? What is being plotted on the vertical axis?
Horizontal axis–time (minutes); vertical axis–number of bacterial cells.

12. Population Explosion - Bacteria Interpreting Data:
According to the graph, how many cells are there after 20 minutes? One hour? Two hours?
2 cells after 20 minutes;
8 cells after one hour;
64 cells after two hours.

13. Population Explosion - Bacteria Drawing Conclusions:
Describe the pattern you see in the way the bacterial population increases over two hours.
The number of cells doubles with each division.

14. Population Explosion Predicting:
Do you think the bacterial population will continue to grow at the same rate? Why or why not?
Not likely. The bacteria will continue to reproduce at this rate only as long as the conditions are favorable.

15. Drawing The Bacterial Cell
Bacteria are prokaryotes. The genetic material in the cells is not contained in a nucleus.

16. How your body responds to the “Bacterial INVASION”
Natural Killer Cells arrive and attack bacteria
B cells release antibodies that can smother the bacteria, not allowing it to move (B cells must recognize bacterial coating, so you need a past “encounter”/infection)
MACROPHAGES come and eat the invader creating a fever and more immune cells
Antibiotics help accelerate the process killing bacteria and promoting a quicker response by the body’s immune system