1. Earth from space ( © NASA) The earth is dynamic. The processes that have shaped the earth as we know it today are perpetual on a geologic time scale.

2. Earth cross-section

3. Geologic history Continental drift

4. Geologic history Plate tectonics

5. Divergent boundaries

6. Convergent boundaries

7. Transform boundary

8. Hotspots

9. Lithospheric (tectonic) plates

10. Earthquakes Defined as the shaking of ground caused by a sudden release of energy from rocks underneath A fault is a break between two rock masses

11. Earthquakes Average length of time: 10-30 seconds Measured using the Richter Scale May cause tsunami wavestsunami waves – Submarine earthquakes – Explosive volcanic eruptions – Submarine landslides – Terrestrial landslides that enter water bodies – Impacts of large extraterrestrial objects (e.g. asteroids or comets) in the ocean

12. Tectonic Setting of Earthquake of 26 December 2004 from United States Geological Survey (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/) Earthquake caused by subduction of Indian plate beneath the Burma microplate Relative motion of Indian plate to Burma microplate = 0.06 m per year (2.4 inches per year)

13. Areas potentially affected by tsunami inundation and run-up in yellow (i.e. shore zones < 20 m above sea-level) Areas Potentially Affected by Tsunami of 26 December 2004 from UNOSAT (www.unosat.org)

14. Volcanoes

15. Ring of Fire