1. NEURONS & NEURAL TRANSMISSION NEUROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF DRUG ACTION

2. Nervous System Divisions
CNS (central nervous system)
Brain, Spinal Cord
12 pairs of cranial nerves (originate from cranium)
PNS (peripheral nervous system)
Somatic nervous system
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Autonomic nervous system

3. CNS ORGANIZATION

4. Autonomic Nervous System

5. NEURONS

6. NEURON MEMBRANE Membrane Structure Semipermeable lipid bilayer
Proteins
Ion channels
Transport pumps
Receptors

7. MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

8. ACTION POTENTIAL

9. ACTION POTENTIAL

10. CONDUCTION OF A.P.

11. NEURONAL COMMUNICATION
POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS
Excitatory PSP
Inhibitory PSP

12. NEUROCHEMICAL SYNAPSE
Presynaptic Membrane
Postsynaptic Membrane
Synaptic Vesicles
Synaptic Cleft
Receptor Sites

13. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
Synthesis
Storage
Neurotransmitter Release
Receptor Activation
Neurotransmitter Deactivation
Enzymatic Deactivation (Metabolism)
Reuptake

14. SYNTHESIS

15. NEUROTRANSMITTER FAMILIES
Acetylcholine
Monoamines
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Amino Acid Transmitters
Glutamate
GABA
Histamine
Glycine
Neuropeptides
Enkephalins
Endorphins

16. Receptor Subtypes for Neurotransmitters
4/25/2017
Receptor Subtypes for Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine: nicotinic, muscarinic
Dopamine: D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Norepinephrine: alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2
Serotonin: 5-HT1a,1b,1c,1d; 5-HT2a,2b,2c;; 5-HT3…
GABA: GABAA, GABAB
Glutamate: NMDA, AMPA, mGluR
Endorphins: mu, kappa, delta

17. NEUROCHEMICAL PATHWAYS

18. RECEPTOR ACTIVATION Ligand-gated ion channels Ionotropic Receptors
Metabotropic Receptors
G proteins
Second Messengers

19. RECEPTOR ACTIVATION

20. DRUG ACTIONS ON RECEPTOR ACTIVATION
Agonists
Competitive
Noncompetitive
Antagonists

21. PRESYNAPTIC MECHANISMS

22. POSTSYNAPTIC MECHANISMS

23. Psychoactive Drug Classes
CNS stimulants
amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine
CNS depressants
alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, GHB
Hallucinogens
LSD, PCP, mescaline, MDMA(?)
Narcotics (Opioids)
morphine, methadone
Antipsychotics
chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone
Antidepressants
SSRIs (e.g., Prozac, Paxil), MAOIs, tricyclics

24. Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs with cholinergic actions
curare (nicotinic antagonist)
atropine (muscarinic antagonist)
nicotine (nicotinic mixed agonist/antagonist)
Nonselective monoamine agonists
reserpine
MAO inhibitors (e.g., deprenyl)
tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., imipramine)
CNS stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamine)

25. Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs
Other dopaminergic drugs
antipsychotics (haloperidol, chlorpromazine)
antiparkinson agents (L-DOPA, bromocriptine)
Serotonergic drugs
SSRIs -- (Prozac, Paxil)
LSD
GABAergic drugs
benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax)
alcohol
bicuculline (convulsant)

26. Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs