1. Muscular System Prepared by Mr. Shoup

2. Muscular System
There are nearly 650 skeletal muscles in the human body
Muscles control movement
Help to maintain posture
Circulate blood and move substances throughout the body.
Muscle makes up around half of the total human body weight.
Muscle tissue is also around 15% denser than fat tissue
The word muscle is derived from the Latin term musculus, meaning "little mouse".
This Latin term could be due to the shape of some muscles or because muscles contracting under the skin can look like a mouse moving under a rug.

3. It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown.
We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening.
The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue.
The tongue has 8 muscles, so it is technically not the
strongest muscle in the body.
You use 200 muscles to take one step.
Most of us take about 10,000 steps a day.
It takes twice as long to lose new muscle if you stop working out than it did to gain it.

4. If muscle strength is regarded as the ability to use force on something then the jaw muscle (masseter) is the strongest in the body.
The strongest muscles in relation to the job they have to do is the external muscles of the eye which are large and about 100 times stronger than they need to be in relation to the small size and weight of the eyeball.

5. Muscular System Skeletal-Striated/Striped Smooth Cardiac
There are three types of muscles in the body
Skeletal-Striated/Striped
Smooth
Cardiac

6. Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton-bones
Have A and Z bands-light/dark bands Muscle fibers parallel
They work in pairs called antagonistic motion-as one muscle contracts the other muscle group relaxes.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles - in other words we think about what movements we want to make and send messages via our nervous system to tell the appropriate muscle(s) to contract.
Examples: biceps, triceps deltoids, hamstrings and quadriceps.
Provide us to run, walk, swim, etc.
Muscle contractions can be short, single contractions or longer contractions.

10. Smooth Muscle
Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles - we do not have to think about contracting them because they are controlled automatically by the autonomic nervous system.
Have no light or dark bands, muscle fibers are staggered, or feather like.
Smooth muscles are found in our internal organs: in our digestive system the esophagus, stomach, intestines, our circulatory system blood vessels, glands, our urinary tract the bladder, our respiratory organs (diaphragm) and, in a female reproduction system the uterus
It would be pretty inconvenient if we had to think about
digesting our food, telling blood vessels to contract or relax, if we
could do that.
Smooth muscles can stretch and maintain tension over extended periods.

13. Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac-means heart, the muscle is found only in the heart.
Cardiac muscle is involuntary. We can not control!
It can stretch, just like smooth muscle, and contract like skeletal muscle.
It is a twitch muscle - it only does short single contractions. Beats times per minute at resting.

15. Sprain Overstretched or torn ligament

16. Strain Overstretched or torn muscle/tendon

17. Skeletal muscle can be further divided into two types, slow twitch and fast twitch.
Slow Twitch (Type I) muscle contain proteins that give it a rich red color. (Red Muscle Fiber) Red color due to myoglobin
This muscle carries more oxygen efficiently and using fats, proteins or carbs as energy slow twitch muscle fibers contract over a long period of time.
Therefore type I muscle fiber works well for aerobic sports such as long distance jogging and cycling, jump roping, swimming longer distance, walking, ski machines, stair climbers, steppers, elliptical.
____________________________________________________
Fast Twitch (Type II) muscle is whiter in color (White Muscle Fiber) as it has less myoglobin (a oxygen carrying protein).
Fast twitch fibers contract quickly and powerfully, however they fatigue rapidly.
Therefore type II muscle fiber is useful for anaerobic exercise such as sprinting or for strength sports like weightlifting, sprints

18. Aerobic
Oxygen, fats and glucose are used to produce adenosine triphosphate-ATP=energy
Once glucose is used up, body will go to fats-stored energy for energy.
Glucose, oxygen=ATP=Energy-produces lactic acid by product of work. (Krebs Cycle) Lactic acid broken down into water and carbon dioxide.
Cardiovascular Endurance
It burns calories very effectively and can increase basal metabolic rate which aids in weight loss.
You perform it for 30 to 60 minutes, three to five days a week

19. Aerobic health benefits
Strengthening muscles involved in respiration, to facilitate the flow of air in and out of the lungs.
Strengthening the heart muscle, to improve its pumping efficiency and reduce the resting heart rate.
Toning muscles throughout the body, which can improve overall circulation and reduce blood pressure.
Increase the total number of red blood cells in the body-transportation of oxygen.

20. Anaerobic Exercise
Anaerobic means with oxygen. Limits oxygen and fat usage.
Think-Short and Fast
Process: Glucose process of glycolysis which produces pyruvic acid plus Nicotinamide Adenine dinucleotide9(NAD)=lactic acid=muscle fatigue and soreness
Rest time-muscles recovery, due to oxygen and the breakdown of lactic acid=replenish energy.
Examples of anaerobic exercise-heavyweight lifting, sprinting, jumping, rowing short, quick push ups, sit ups.
Around a few seconds to no more than minutes-3 minutes. Interval training

21. Anaerobic exercise benefits
Higher calorie consumption
Increase body metabolism
Shorter, more effective workouts
This exercise is anabolic in nature, meaning that it promotes lean tissue.

22. Find Target Heart Rate
Subtract your age from 220 to find maximum heart rate =172 beats per minute.
Then multiply your maximum heart rate by 65%.
172 x 65%=111.8 beats per minute=low target heart rate (Burns more fat)
High target heart rate 172 x 85%=146.2 beats per minute. (Burns calories)
Target heart rate to beats per minute